Dr Ben Carson, ignorance or lying?

Now there is no question that Ben Carson is a smart man.  He was a very skilled neurosurgeon.  But the problem with people that are extremely good at something is that they often inflate their ability or knowledge in another area.  Well Ben Carson is doing that here.

Now I'm a layperson when it comes to science.  Sure I'm a science geek and love to learn about various topics especially biology, psychology and physics, which includes cosmology and astronomy.  I'm not a scientist. I don't have a degree in the field.  But I am fairly well educated in the field.  So there is a problem if I can punch holes in his arguments.  There are things that I don't know for sure and I'll admit it when asked a question.  If I'm unsure of the answer I'll emphasise that fact and I'll probably go learn more to educate myself and I'd hope others would research what I said and if I was right or wrong about a topic.

So here I'm going to go through his speech and point by point I'll point out where he gets the science wrong.  I'll explain how much he gets the science wrong.  Note that his speech is only 3 min and 45 seconds long.  It is very easy to spout shit about stuff like this and raise doubts.  To convince people that often don't want to know the truth because it goes against their religious views.  It takes a lot longer to refute the claims.  This is because these things are often complex topics.  Learning isn't easy.  If it was everyone would be doctor or scientist.

First here is the interview

What Dr Ben Carson thinks about the big bang

11 seconds in and he uses the term "highfalutin" in regards to literally a whole field of professionals?  What would his response be if someone label all doctors as pompous or pretentious?  So he starts off with an ad hominem attack.  He leads with denigrating a whole field of scientists.  Why? Because he knows his audience is mostly made up of people that don't understand the field in question and don't like the implications it has.  Mind you this audience, as most audiences, wouldn't understand the technical details about neurosurgery either.  He knows it sets up the audience so they can more easily dismiss what scientist say if they ever do hear more.  Because they are just pompous and pretentious after all.

16 seconds in he say that "they" the highfalutin scientist "saying there is this gigantic explosion"
OK 16 seconds in.  2 words "gigantic explosion"
Lets talk about what they actually say.  The Big Bang Theory (BBT) says that everything we can see in the universe was condensed into a very small region of space.  If you watch the show The Big Bang Theory then you would have heard the theme song "Our whole universe was in a hot dense state,".  Already a TV sitcom gets the science much more right then Dr Ben Carson.It wasn't an explosion it was a very rapid inflation.  You might think I'm quibbling about terms but there are very specific differences.  An explosion is a sudden outburst of something.  There is a location where the explosion happens. Material is pushed away from that spot leaving a cavity behind.  This is NOT what scientist say happen in the early universe.  What they say is that there was a rapid inflation of space/time.  We know, thanks to Einstein, that space and time are part of a single whole.  It is space that expanded.  Now what was in this space is very different from what you and I see around us.  Atoms didn't even exist.  The energy density was so high that even protons and neutrons couldn't form. The stuff that they are made up of are called quarks and at those energies you can fit all the matter and energy in the universe into a very small region.  How small?  7.7×10⁻³⁰m.  Now this isn't a size the human brain is used to dealing with.  A proton is about 1×10⁻¹⁵m.  So we are talking about a distance 1,000,000,000,000,000 (1 quadrillion) times shorter.  Now are physics at this point are not well understood for good reasons.  These are energy densities we can't even think about working with.  If we could we could be making universes left right and centre.  So gigantic?  Nope.  Explosion?  Nope.  It was a rapid inflation of space-time   Now see 1 paragraph to try to explain how 2 words are totally misrepresenting the science.  In actuality I could probably right pages on just this bit and I'm not a scientist.

3 more seconds and he say "Everything came into perfect order".  No! It most definitely did not.  In fact the early universe was very smooth.  I'm talking like the differences were 1 part in 100,000.  This in terms of the science is saying that temperatures where VERY even.  To give you an idea of how uniform that is think of the Earth and the temperature difference on it.  Now imagine that instead of having temperatures going from -95C to 56C (-128F to 134F) the temperature was just 21C (70F) The differences in extremes would be about 1/1000th of 1 degree C or 1.8/1000th of a degree F

The universe was even smoother and more uniform before.  This is what it was like 380,000 years AFTER the big bang.  For almost that entire time the universe was so hot, over 2,726C ~5,000F that light couldn't any where because it kept getting absorbed into the protons that made up the plasma that filled the universe.  So the universe started out VERY smooth and over 380,000 became much less smooth but still smoother then 1 part in 100,000.  At this point the inflation had ended but the universe was still expanding.  Stuff wasn't moving through space.  The space between stuff was just getting larger.  With this expansion comes the fact that the density was dropping  As that happens the temperature drops.  After about 380,000 the temperature dropped enough that the electrons whipping around the place could get captured by the atomic nuclei.  Not really "perfectly ordered".  Then the universe continued to expand. At this point there would be a glow everywhere in the sky like the sun but as the universe continued to expand this glow faded.  It then took another about 200 million years before the first stars formed as that very uniform gas started to condense into pockets of higher densities that formed from gravity.  Perfect order my ass.

25 seconds in and he presents to the audience terms they are probably not used to.  He mentions the second law of thermodynamics and entropy.  He wants you to think there is a problem that the scientists can't explain properly.  First off what is the 2nd law of thermodynamics or 2LoT for short.
It is that in any cyclic process the entropy will either increase or remain the same.  Well what is entropy?  Entropy is the amount of energy in a system that is available to do work.  Well there are 2 problems the 2LoT refers to "closed" systems and even if the observable universe was a closed system there was a LOT of energy to do stuff with.  How much energy are we talking about?  Well think of our sun.  It is about half way through its life on the main sequence. The observable universe has about 2,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 times the amount of energy of our sun.  Note that even after our sun "dies" there will still be a far bit of energy coming out of it.  So yes as time goes on it will be harder and harder to do "work" in our universe but thankfully our universe has a HUGE amount of energy to begin with.

So 37 seconds in he say "you are going to have this big explosion and everything is going to become perfectly organised" well good thing that isn't what the scientist ACTUALLY say happened.

44 seconds in he says "when you ask them about it they say they can base this on probability theory if there are enough explosions over a long enough period of time" blah blah blah.  He already got the first bit extremely wrong.   But you may have heard something vaguely similar and I'll try to explain this.  Often you'll hear people say how finely tuned our universe is.  You might read some popular science magazine say how many different types of universe there could be out there. There are various hypothesis about where the universe came from.  Scientists don't say the BB (Big Bang) is when the universe was created.  We don't know that.  We have some ideas but the BBT (Big Bang Theory) just says we can trace back to a point where the universe was very hot and dense, again just like the song says.  Scientist also ask questions like "Why does the electromagnetic force have the strength it does?" "Why is gravity so weak in comparison?" "Why is the speed of light what it is?" "Why does the electron have the mass it does?" and the list goes on.  These are what we call fundamental constants.  They are numbers that we can measure but don't seem to have a reason why they have the value they do.  It is possible they could have other values but if they did the universe would act different then it does.  We may never know why some or even all the fundamental constants have the values they do.  On hypothesis is that these values some how get frozen in at the very first instance of inflation.  There is another hypothesis that inflation happened not just in what we can see.  We estimate the entire universe is at least orders of magnitude large then what we can see there might be other universes that bubble off that have different values for the constants.  This would result in a whole range of possible universes.  Most of them not at all compatible with life as we know it.  But this could be happening countless times which means there would also be a countless number of universes that would be very similar to ours.  This will blow your mind too.  It is entirely possible that this multi verse is itself infinitely large.  That means there would be an infinite number of universe.  Not only that there would be a smaller, but still, infinite number of universes that would be EXACTLY like ours.  But this is just hypothesis at this point in time and truth be told we probably would never be able to detect another universe. But it isn't incompatible with the models we use to describe and make predictions about our universe.

Well that doesn't even scratch the surface of that but he's distorted what the scientists actually say.  So lets just go with "We don't know why our constants are the way they are" but even so given they are constants our universe would have ended up pretty much like this no matter how many times you re ran the process.  Sure there might not be a Earth but there would be Earth like planets.  There would be the same chemical processes going on and there is every indication that there would be life in it that evolved to a point where it could ponder such questions.  So no we don't need the "perfect explosion" we just needed that inflation to happen and our constants to be about what they are.  They could even fluctuate.  Some of them could fluctuate quite a bit and life could still evolve let alone have stars, galaxies and planets form.

1 min 11 secs in and he's used the, what is normally tornado in a junk yard, creationist claim.  He just modifies it to a hurricane in a junk yard.  Normally this is used to try to discredit evolution.  Saying that there hasn't been enough time to form life blah blah blah.  But hopefully being a doctor he isn't that stupid about biology.  But you never know.  For the record the Vatican supports evolution and not just "micro evolution" because there is no such thing in science terms.  That is a creationist term and that is the audience he is talking to.  Again science says that given the constants of our universe the structure we see would be inevitable.  Might be slightly different like comparing a blue mustang with a red one. Essentially the same.

1 min 31 secs and he is amazed that we can predict a comet is coming in 70 years.  Dude, it is just gravity and high school maths.  Even if the constants where different we'd still be expect predictions of that type to be possible.  That is because the universe does have constants.  Perhaps if gravity wasn't a constant well then we couldn't make that prediction but then if it wasn't a constant then stars might never have formed let alone planets.  Bill O'Reilly has a saying "Tides go in, tides go out.  You can't explain that!" and he's just as fucking ignorant of the science as Dr Ben Carson seems to be.  We can predict tides because gravity is constant.  We know that the moon won't sudden'y take 10 days to orbit around the Earth.

1 min 40 secs in and he drops the "fairy tale" line to a crowd that probably believes that there was an actual first human male named Adam was formed from much by a human shaped magical being that knows everything  but yet didn't see that his creation would be tricked into eating from the tree of knowledge by a talking snake....yea that isn't a fairy tale.

1 min 43 secs "that is amazing!"  Yea scientist would think that too because that isn't what scientist say happened!.

1 min 52 secs "even if you use their own theories you have this mass spinning and then it explodes" NO! that isn't what the theory says.  How about he either learns what the actual theories say or shuts the fuck up about it.  I would never dream of walking into an operating theatre and telling some brain surgeon that he's doing it all wrong because I read a comic book that had a drawing of a brain in it.

2 min 13 secs he starts babbling about angular momentum and tries to discredit scientist even more by pointing out how some moons don't orbit in the same direction as most other moons. Guess what that is OK.  Because the total angular momentum is still the same.  Some moons where captured after the formation of the solar system.  Some might have been put into a different orbit because of interactions with other planets.  But forget that.  According to him the universe is in "perfect order" now he is showing us that no...no it isn't. Hell out solar system isn't even in perfect order.  Something hit Venus so hard it almost flipped completely up side down so now it rotates in the opposite direction to most other planets.  Uranus is tilted on its side by over 97 degrees so one of its poles points almost directly towards the sun.  Again science explains this just fine because science doesn't say the universe is "perfectly ordered"

2 min 28 secs "what about the billions and billions of explosions that where not perfect?"  I don't know Dr Carson.  You are making up a fantasy universe that doesn't at all match what we observe and what scientist say happened.  Fuck where is Santa Claus?  Where is Darth Vadar?  Dr Carson's understanding of the actual science isn't even close to being right.  There is a saying used in science "That's not right. That isn't even wrong" and is used in reference to statement that are so off base it doesn't make any sense.  Kind of like someone say that taste of an apple is the letter J.

2 min 34 secs Again where is this debris?  Well if you want to talk about the multiverse then by definition those other universes are not connected to us.  If he means something else then again it isn't what scientist are saying.

2 min 41 secs He say it, science, requires an enormous amount of faith.  No ... no it doesn't.  It takes a bit of learning.  This argument is often used by creationist and there is a reason why.  Either they are just parroting it from someone they heard it from or they what to put science on the same footing as their religious belief.  Faith is defined as a strong belief in the doctrines of a religion, based on spiritual conviction rather than proof.  Science is about finding actual evidence and seeing if that evidence supports or falsifies a hypothesis.  The 2 are not even remotely the same.   A person of ANY faith or no faith at all can go out and look at the data and test models and see if the predictions match observations.  We can't do the same with religious claims.  If we could there would not be so many religions.  Hell there would not be so many versions of Christianity.

2 min 54 secs and the first mention of God.  What does science say about gods?  Nothing.  Science is agnostic on the topic.  Why?  Because science is about describing the natural world around us in a manner that allows us to make useful predictions.  Deities are super natural and would be not subject to "natural laws" especially if you think they created them.  Now science can make statements about religious claims like the claim the Earth is only 6 thousand years old or that there was a world wide flood.  Both which are demonstrably false but those are topics for another day.

3 min 3 secs  he doesn't have enough faith to believe in scientist.  No he doesn't have enough knowledge in the appropriate field to believe it and probably doesn't want to because it threatens his very weak theology.  This isn't a dig against people that believe in any god(s).  This is a fact that his theology is very weak.

3 min 13 secs he claims that so many things have to violate the theories own principals.  No. His poor understanding of the science makes him confused.  That is OK if I had his false understanding of what the current science said I would probably be confused.  But instead of him going to learn he just wants to throw up his hands and says "God did it"  Why is he even a doctor?  Surely if his god knew someone was going to have a brain condition then that god wanted them to have it.  Let them die and go to the kingdom of heaven.  Ah bad theology there.


So let us assume there is a god. Are you telling me that you don't think your god could have set those fundamental constants up the way that it wanted? I hate calling the Christian God a he because I can't understand why a god with no other gods  would have a penis.  Set up the constants and set the universe in motion.  Dr Ben Carson's god is so inept that it couldn't produce the universe we see with continually interfering with it.  He's taken evolution deniers claims and push it back to the universe.  Just like creationist that don't understand evolution he doesn't understand cosmology.  Or maybe he does and he is just lying his audience.  I think the answer is some where in between.

Now think about this.  It takes him 3 and a half minutes to spout out a bunch of shit.  It takes a layperson over 4 hours to try to correct the lies he spun.  That is because making shit up is easier then learning the actual science.

 Many of you will still believe him.  Very few of you will bother to even investigate what science actually says.  Most people wouldn't even had read the first few paragraphs of this post let alone the whole thing.  But if just one person decides to actually look into how bad his ramblings are then my time was well spent. Because then you'll probably think how dishonest he probably is even if he does believe what he says because he has to much wrong and to much like long debunked arguments to have just thought this up himself.

Is it illegal to collect rain water?

Collecting rainwater is not illegal. In a few states it was very restricted like in Colorado, Utah and Washington. That ended in 2009 when those three states relaxed their bans. In a handful other states, rainwater harvesting is regulated. In these states you have to obtain a permit, which is in most cases is about making certain that your harvesting equipment doesn't contaminate groundwater. So it isn't illegal. It is like saying "Building a house is illegal" no, it isn't. Building a house without following the law is illegal.

There was a guy in Colorado who was jailed for 30 days back in 2012 but this is because he had been denied a permit, but went ahead and built three HUGE reservoirs anyway. So he broke yes he broke the law but not in the way this graphic suggests. Should he be allowed to defy the state regulatory agency?

Think about the situation tho. The idea of regulation of rainwater harvesting is pretty simple. Water falling from the sky is public property, not private property, and belongs in the water table where it can restore diminished streams and reservoirs. Those who collect it privately are "hoarding" it. Of course the opposite theory is: a person who uses rainwater first is consuming less public water. So it isn't a simple issue especially in places. You'll find that there are even communities that require rain water collection because it reduces the burden on the public water works.

The problem here is that on the Internet people are not being subject to any kind of screening, editing, fact checking, or anything else. It is a great place to plant and spread misinformation for political purposes.

Here is a good article about the actual situation instead of converting it into a sound byte that makes it sound like it is just big government getting in peoples faces for no reason.

http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/a11758/4314447/

Remember Solyndra?

Do you remember Solyndra?  This is the solar panel manufacturer that went bankrupt after receiving hundreds of millions of dollars in government money.  The Obama administration was blamed for the program.  Loosing and wasting your tax dollars on left wing liberal projects that were supposed to help lower our carbon foot print.  So, was it really as bad as you remember?

This is a short post in reply to a FB post where I'm talking about how peoples views are often distorted by misreporting and out right lying by not only Fox News but most media outlets.  To often people latch on to this stuff and don't let go.  I still hear people make comments about Solyndra and frankly most people have no real clue what happened or even what "Solyndra" was.  They just use it as a "buzz word".  When people bag Obama there are a few "go to" terms.  Solyndra! Benghazi! Obama Death Panels!

The reality is most often very different from the shit that is in people's heads.  Yes "shit".  It is a very apt word to describe the "information" it is largely all the stuff that wasn't useful and probably just out right fake.  Much like what you flush down the toilet every day from your previous days meals.

Did you know that the program that gave Solyndra money was supposed to loose hundreds of millions of dollars.  $780 million dollars has been lost by 4 companies including Solyndra.  The Department of energy factored into the loan program these types of losses.  The whole program was supposed to loose money over all.  The costs was deemed acceptable because of the innovation it was expected to spur.  So Solyndra lost about 528 million dollars.  Three other companies folding lost the program another 150 million dollars.

Before I go on let me talk a bit about the DOE's renewable-energy loan program.  Normally we would hope that private equity providers, like Mitt Romney has made so much money off of, would be the source of funding for programs like this but people like Mitt Romney don't like these "risky" investments do they.  He doesn't actually like investments full stop when you talk about building up companies.  He's more for going in, transferring debt then dumping or dismantling the companies.  So the government had to step in.  The government has been doing this type of stuff for a long time.  Obama's administration isn't the first and it certainly won't be the last to issue loans like these.  Hell the banks get loans like these all the time from the government and they loose hundreds of billions to trillions of dollars.

Anyway what is the state of the renewable-energy loan program that was budgeted to actually loose money.  Well turns out that the program is going to make any were between 5 and 6 billion dollars.   Not bad aye.  Have you heard Fox News or any other news organization talk about that?  Did they explain that the program was supposed to loose money but ended up being a bit of a cash cow?  Probably not.  Doesn't work well with the view that the vocal right wing want to push that Obama wants to destroy America.

A response to good questions/ statements with regard to guns and gun ownership and regulations.

My nephew Bryan responded to a Facebook post I made that linked an article talking about the reality of "good guys with guns"

I started to just respond in the face book post but this warrants more attention then a quick face book response.  Hats off to him for actually voicing his views.  How much he or anyone else will accept the logic and reasoning why the arguments fail is not controllable by me.  All I can do is state the reality and point out the flaws.  So with that I hope this makes you think a bit about the issue.

Here is his post and what follows is my response.

BrYan May I don't care what the numbers are, I would want to at least have the opportunity to defend myself against an intruder. Otherwise I'd just be a dude asking the gunman to get out of my house.
It's our second amendment right to keep and bear arms. If there ever was a need for a militia, we as people, would need to be equipped. With the way this government has turned, it's important to be able to protect yourself. This is a tyrannical government that's infringing on a lot of the freedoms our forefathers fought for against England. This is a police state where regular cops have military weapons and vehicles. And laws granting them the ability to go in your house and search without a warrant. Reminds me of the Revolutionary war days when red coats could use houses for whatever they wanted.
There's a lot of fed up people here. If there was ever a rebellion, we need to be armed. To protect ourselves from any enemy.
I just looked up deaths by motor vehicles and guns ans in 2010 the numbers were about even. Should we have stricter regulations on motor vehicles too?

Ok Bryan let me address your points one at a time.
1) "I don't care what the numbers are..." I can stop right there.  Your family is safer without a gun in the house period.  Even with a home invasion risk you, your wife and your children are over 4 times more likely to get shot because you have a gun in your home.  If you goal is to protect your family from harm then the best thing for you to do is not have a gun.  In a home invasion situation the best thing for any family to do is call the police immediately and barricade you and your family in one of the rooms and remain on the phone with the police.  I know it doesn't sound manly to hide in a room but it is the safest thing for your family and I personally don't have to risk my family's safety because I want to look more macho. Arguing that you are safer with a gun is as sensible as saying you are safer not wearing a seat belt in your car.  I don't care how safe you feel.  Reality doesn't care how safe you feel.  Reality says you or one of your family members is more likely to get shot and possibly killed if you have a gun.

2)Next the Second Amendment says "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."

First 4 words "a well regulated Militia.  This would equate to something like a national guard.  Yes back over 220 years ago well regulated state militias where a credible threat against the Federal government that was still unsure if the laws put in place would be sufficient to control the federal government.  The reality is the laws, if we choose to use them, are very sufficient to control the federal government.  The problem is that most people don't want to bother.  It is far easier for people to complain about the government over reach and corruption and do nothing about it and pretend that if you have a gun that you'll be able to stop the new world order when it comes.  The reality is quite different.  Our forefathers put in place all the tools we need if we just choose to use them.  Lets us take the single largest problem with our government with respect to governing over its citizens.  At all levels government is becoming more and more corrupt.  Big money in politics is the largest factor for this.  Both the democrats and GOP are controlled by big money.  We don't have a right and left wing politicians.  We have right wing and centre right wing politicians because corporations and the ultra rich are primarily right wing.  Over 90% of people in the USA believe that money corrupts politics but congress isn't going to change it, the executive branch doesn't come through with the change that they promised and the judicial branch has been stacked over the last few decades with to many judges that consider corporations and the rich more important then you and I.  With the latest ruling by SCOTUS we get statements like

"Associate Justice Anthony McLeod Kennedy - We now conclude that independent expenditures, including those made by corporations, do not give rise to corruption or the appearance of corruption."

And they expect us to believe that because we let them by our inaction.  Not because we aren't willing to take up arms but that to many people aren't willing to voice their opinion.  We all know that almost all politicians are going to listen to a billionaire throwing them and their party millions of dollars a lot more then you and I who wouldn't even appear on their radar even if we donate to their campaigns.  There are studies that show that, with regard to legislation, the common citizens views do not factor into actual legislative results but if you are in the top .01% the legislation almost always aligns with your positions on a topic.
So given that you aren't going to, and shouldn't, form an armed revolt against the federal government what can you do?  Well the forefathers where very smart individuals.  Article 5 mandates that the states can force the federal government to amend the constitution even if the politicians in Washington don't want to.  There is a big push to have the states force the Federal government to amend the constitution and over turn rulings like Citizens United, which might sound like it is good for you but basically says a corporation is a person just like you ....except better.  They get all the rights you do but can have limited liability, can't be drafted, can't be sent to jail, can spend more money supporting political candidates then you can which means they can legally buy your politicians.  To see how you can help without the use of a gun go to

Now back to guns.  What do you think would happen if the federal government came for you.  I mean really wanted to come for you.  To many people look up to people like Cliven Bundy as standing up to the Federal government and think, "see we've got guns and the government is afraid of us".  They are stupid.  First Cliven Bundy steals from all Americans.  Other ranchers pay grazing fees that Bundy believes he doesn't have to.  He uses federal lands to feed his cattle and doesn't think the law should apply to him.  It is no different then someone thinking they don't have to pay any taxes but still have the government protect them with police and fire departments. Use federal and local roads. Use national parks we pay to maintain with our money.  Use the schools to educate their kids.  For fuck sake it is like someone driving into a national park, cutting down all the trees to hall off to a lumber yard and pocket all the money.  But people flock to Bundy with their AR15s in hopes that they'll be able to use their weapons against the government.

If the government wanted to take them out how hard do you think it would be.  Forget the legality but just pure combat.  I can tell you that everyone at the Cliven Bundy ranch would be dead and I'd be surprised if even 1 military member was even harmed during the assault.  The reason the government just doesn't go in is not because they are scared of the civilians with guns and what they could do to an assaulting force but what a few dozen stupid idiots with AR15s would be willing to try to do to protect a racist thief.  Having a gun doesn't help them any more then them all having kitchen knives and threatening to drink poisoned kool-aid if the feds get to close.

If you try to use a gun to stop a police officer from legally searching your residence then you are stupid.  If police officers illegally search your residence then take legal action against them.  When you see cops racially profiling black kids, speak up there.  Don't interfere but tape it.  Post it.  File a complaint with the police.  Take it to your politicians that you won't stand for them overstepping their authority.  Boston is no stranger to putting police back in their place.  On October 21, 2004 Victoria Snelgrove, a 22 year old journalism student was killed by a police officer after the Red Socks won against the Yankees because the police were using crowd control tactics that the situation did not warrant and the police officer wasn't trained for and should not have been authorized to use.  Did enough happen to all the police officers involved, not in my opinion but actual action was taken and police officers did get punished and demoted.  When cops over step their authority you and every other citizen need to be involved in correcting the issue.  If no one steps up and makes a fuss then the country will slide deeper into a police state.  This means that you have to stand up for your rights even if it means you might get pepper sprayed or arrested some times.  Having a gun won't help you one bit and if you pull it out on a cop then expect that your wife and child will live on without you.

Finally your argument about motor vehicles. We do have stricter regulations on motor vehicles.  You register your motor vehicles.  Your motor vehicles are insured and inspected.  You hold a licence to drive your motor vehicle and can loose the right to drive said motor vehicle. There are sensible road rules.  Speed limited, laws against drunk driving.  Your motor vehicle primary function isn't to kill or maim another person.  Yes accidents happen with vehicles and they get investigated.  But with guns and gun ownership we don't have the same type of regulations.  Vehicles are also used a HELL of a lot more then guns.  If vehicles where used only as much as guns and still had the same death rates ...man.  The average American driver spends about an hour a day in the car. Tell me how many people do you know that use their guns more then they drive? It is also a logical fallacy to say that since cars cause deaths that guns shouldn't be regulated even if the risk in using them was the same which it is not.  It is a lot harder to function in modern society without a car then it is without a gun.  We accept the risks with vehicles and we are constantly making driving safer.  We do no such thing with regards to guns.

Now I've not even said anything about taking away all guns.  If you want to have a hand gun in your home and accept the increased risk to you and your family that is your decision just don't delude yourself.  What I say is better laws and regulations should be in place.  This means standards across all 50 states just like there are standards to drivers across all 50 states.  Just like there are safety standards in all states with the road worthiness of your vehicles in all 50 states.  You can't just go buy a car in Rhode Island because they allow you to drive unroad worthy vehicles there.  I've said it before and I'll say it again if we had similar laws and regulations with regard to guns that we do with vehicles there would be less deaths.  There is a reason why American children are 9 times more likely to be killed by a gun then in an other developed country and it isn't because of "bad guys with guns" most of the time.  To often it is because stupid parents with guns don't know how to secure their firearms properly.

The History of Christmas

  Happy Holidays everyone and for those that feel offended about me not saying "Merry Christmas" read on and tell me at the end if you think of Christmas in the same way.  Nothing I am about to write about is under any doubt with biblical scholars including Christian biblical scholars.  It is simply the history of Christmas much of which you may find shocking.

  First many Christians believe Jesus was born on December 25th but this is most likely not true.  First there is no date specified anywhere in the bible's New Testament of Jesus's birth year forget its day.  The year can be deduced from 2 passages, but like many things in the bible are not consistent. The first is Luke 3:1-23 which reads

1 Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesar, Pontius Pilate being governor of Judaea, and Herod being tetrarch of Galilee, and his brother Philip tetrarch of Ituraea and of the region of Trachonitis, and Lysanias the tetrarch of Abilene,
2 Annas and Caiaphas being the high priests, the word of God came unto John the son of Zacharias in the wilderness.
3 And he came into all the country about Jordan, preaching the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins; ...

the bible goes on to say

21 Now when all the people were baptized, it came to pass, that Jesus also being baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened,
22 And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased.
23 And Jesus himself began to be about thirty years of age, being (as was supposed) the son of Joseph, which was the son of Heli,

Now this means he was born 15 years before Tiberius was in power or Augustus's 28th year of power.  This equates to 754 Anno Urbis Conditae which was the calendar in use at that time.  So 754= 1AD.  The problem is that Luke 1:1-26 puts Jesus's birth in the time of King Herod and King Herod died in 750 AUC or for you that are good at maths, 4BC. Even if you deal with the length of the pregnancy of Elisabeth and some change you are still 2+ years short of 1AD. There are many other scholars that put Jesus's birth as far back as 9 B.C.  One thing we do know, and have very good records of, is that the Romans where very good at having very detailed records of governmental actions and they show no evidence of the census Luke speaks of in Luke2:1-52

So there is some doubt to the year Jesus was born.  The day also has no evidence of even being in December.  Clement of Alexandria estimated the birth of Jesus to be in April or May 4-2B.C. (750-752 AUC).  Joseph Fitzmyer, professor emeritus at The Catholic University of America, estimates Jesus was born in September 11, 3 B.C.  It was also a common Jewish belief in those early years that great men, like Jesus, died on the day of their birth putting Jesus's birthday at March 25th.

So if December 25th isn't Jesus's Birthday then "what is going on with Christmas?" you might ask.  Well it is very clear that early Christianity co-opted the Festival of Saturnalia which was celebrated from Dec 17^th to the 25^th. This was a brutal holiday in the Roman Empire that concluded with the festival of Dies Natalis Solis Invicti or for you that don't speak latin it is the birthday of the unconquered sun.  Saturnalia included such practices as going from house to house singing, modern day caroling, they just did it nude back in those days, eating cookies that are in the shape of people, giving of gifts between people and a few others.  The Roman Empire, in those days, was a large group of "cults".  Before you get up in arms there are plenty of Christian cults too.  The "Christmas tree" is an adoption of the Asherah symbol.  In early years of Christianity Asherah was worshiped as also the consort of Yahweh.  Hey look ... "God" had a wife!.

Santa Claus has a very interesting history.  First let me point out that despite what Fox News will have you believe Saint Nicholas was not white. He was born it what is now Turkey.  So instead of looking like this

rather he probably looked like this

Not very "white" but very indicative of the region he was born.  He was also part of the Council of Nicaea that was responsible for the creation of the New Testament in 325.  Centuries after his death his remains where brought to Italy where there used to be a belief that an ancient female deity would put gifts in stockings.  This seems to be a merger of a fable of Saint Nicholas placing gold coins in he stockings of 3 poor girls. The cult of Nicholas promoted the change of gift giving from Dec 6th, the day he died, to December 25.  Another part to incorporate pagans of the time into the Christian faith.  In the early 1800's Dr C. Moore published "Twas the night before Christmas".  Later in the 1800's Thomas Nast illustrated a more jolly Santa and assigned him a home in the North Pole.  In 1931 Coca-Cola finished the transformation of Saint Nicholas into the modern image we have of Santa.

The practice of forcing Jewish people to run, nearly naked, through the streets of Rome, a throw back to the early Saturnalia festival, was only stopped by Pope Clement IX in 1668.  A practice that lasted just over 2 centuries after Pope Paul II revived the practice in 1466.  This practice was again altered in the 1700s to force rabbis in Rome to walk through the streets while dressed in degrading costumes and having items thrown at them by on lookers.  A petition sent to Pope Gregory XVI to stop the practice received the reply of "It is not opportune to make any innovation"

It is because of the pagan origins of Christmas that the Puritans banned Christmas in Massachusetts for over 20 years in the mid 1600s. They didn't accept the holiday since the primary purpose of its creation was to appease pagans and fold them into the Christian faith.  Today this type of practice would be similar to "lying for Jesus" a practice where some Christians justify lying to others if it serves what they believe to be the greater good of Christianity.

Today's holiday's roots do run very deep but today's version is very recent.  Many Christians believe it has been a wonderful holiday for the last 2,000 years but the reality is for 90% of that time it was a very cruel holiday that used old pagan traditions to persecute the Jewish people.

Should you not celebrate Christmas because of this?  I wouldn't say that. I would say you should know were your holiday came from.  Know its good parts and its bad parts.  Celebrate your savior if you so wish but understand it is not his birthday.   Know that Saint Nicholas was  middle eastern and not anglo-saxon just like Jesus was not blond hair and blue eyed but also was of middle eastern descent.  Next time you hear someone say Jesus or Santa was white...point out that you don't like when they lie for Jesus and if they aren't lying then they should learn the truth about their religious figures and embrace their heritage. Hopefully their heads won't explode when you explain that they are middle eastern and not white.

If you consider your self religious then please learn about your religion and where it came from!

  Does the average Christian out there find it embarrassing that the average atheist knows more about the Christian religion then most Christians do?  Christians shouldn't feel alone though.  Atheist on average know more about all religions then any other group based on belief.  Mormons and evangelicals can feel good that they know slightly more about the bible and Christianity then the average atheist but not much.
  This quick rant was triggered by reading a bunch of ignorant Christians bitch about how they would not thank Allah because Allah is a false god or something similar.  Allah is the same God as Yahweh and Jehovah.  All three religions are Abrahamic religions.  They all have the same roots.  They all worship the same "God".  Sure there are differences in the religions but that doesn't change the fact that you worship the same "God".  Within Christianity there are over 40,000 different denominations and some very radical differences between them too.  There is a joke about how there are as many different denominations of Christianity as there are Christians.
  So please before you bag another religion actually learn about it and while you are at it learn about your own religion at the same time.  If you just want to believe as you do now without learning more then keep you mouth shut about other religions.  In fact take some advice from Saint Augustine.
"Usually, even a non-Christian knows something about the earth, the heavens, and the other elements of this world, about the motion and orbit of the stars and even their size and relative positions, about the predictable eclipses of the sun and moon, the cycles of the years and the seasons, about the kinds of animals, shrubs, stones, and so forth, and this knowledge he hold to as being certain from reason and experience. Now, it is a disgraceful and dangerous thing for an infidel to hear a Christian, presumably giving the meaning of Holy Scripture, talking nonsense on these topics; and we should take all means to prevent such an embarrassing situation, in which people show up vast ignorance in a Christian and laugh it to scorn. The shame is not so much that an ignorant individual is derided, but that people outside the household of faith think our sacred writers held such opinions, and, to the great loss of those for whose salvation we toil, the writers of our Scripture are criticized and rejected as unlearned men. If they find a Christian mistaken in a field which they themselves know well and hear him maintaining his foolish opinions about our books, how are they going to believe those books in matters concerning the resurrection of the dead, the hope of eternal life, and the kingdom of heaven, when they think their pages are full of falsehoods and on facts which they themselves have learnt from experience and the light of reason? Reckless and incompetent expounders of Holy Scripture bring untold trouble and sorrow on their wiser brethren when they are caught in one of their mischievous false opinions and are taken to task by those who are not bound by the authority of our sacred books. For then, to defend their utterly foolish and obviously untrue statements, they will try to call upon Holy Scripture for proof and even recite from memory many passages which they think support their position, although they understand neither what they say nor the things about which they make assertion."
In short if you don't know about a topic keep your mouth closed in discussions about that topic in relationship to your religious beliefs.  Because you just weaken your religious position in the eyes of others.  Why should I give any credit to your religious beliefs if you make stupid statements trying to defend your religion that are easily shown to be false?

US terrorism on foreigners. When will America stop killings innocent people? Warning Graphic Pictures!

  Just one year ago on Oct 24, 2012,  Momina Bibi, a grandmother, was out picking okra with some of her grand children.  She paid for that with her life.  Her grandchildren eye witnesses to her execution.

  The people live in constant fear of US controlled drones.  But life must go on.  They hear the drones every day, 24 hours a day.  They must still tend the fields for the food.  They must still carry about their day.  Sure, this family had never been hit by a drone strike before but it wasn't uncommon for innocent people to be killed by drones.

   The number of people killed by US drone strikes isn't easy to pin down but the best estimates range from 2,526 to 3,621.  Of which between 416 and 948 innocent civilians have been killed, depending on how you classify some of the young men aged and boys.  What is clear is that over 150 children have been killed by US controlled drone strikes.

  On Oct 24 Zubair Rehman, the 13 year old grandson of Momina, watched his grandmother literally get blown to piece.  Along with loosing his grandmother Zubair received shrapnel to his leg and had to undergo expensive surgery.  Surgery that you might think the USA paid for because they mistakenly bombed and innocent family, wounding a few children and killing a 67 year old grandmother.  But you would be wrong.  The USA government's position on this attack is vague.  They will not release any information about it.  They tried to claim 4 militants were killed in the attack but Momina was the only fatality.  When further questioned Caitlin Hayden, from the NSC, called the strike "Precise, lawful, and effective."  WTF?  Precise? Yea you blew a 67 year old lady picking Okra in a field from a drone flying high over head.  I guess that is "precise".  Lawful?  You have to be a huge scum bag of a lawyer to call killing a 67 year old grand mother "lawful".  Effective?  You have to be a huge fucking idiot to call it effective unless being a terrorist is your goal.  Because these innocent families live in constant fear.

  The kids no longer want to go to school and they come from a long line of educators.  Zubair's father is a teacher.  Zubair's grandfather, Momina's husband, is a teacher and he said "I wish God would just take my life, I can't live without her".  Zubair testified "All of a sudden things became very dark.  It was like she was exploded to pieces.". The kids don't like it when the skies are clear because that is when the drones are used the most. They live in fear because the US drones that circle over head.  They live in fear because the USA is terrorizing them. It is as plain and simple as that.

  So not only are they terrorized by the USA but the government won't even explain why the mistake happened or even acknowledge a mistake was made.  They call it "collateral damage".  The issue is the American public don't want to know about the problem.  For fuck sake the politicians don't want to know about the problem either.  Only 5 members of Congress listened to these families, and there was more then just this one family, at the briefing.  Rep Alan Grayson from Florida, Rep Jan Schakowsky from Illinois, Rep Rush Holt from New Jersey, Rep John Conyers from Michigan, and Rep Rick Nolan from Minnesota.  Why?  Because most American's don't know, or don't care, about the damage the US drone program causes.  The people killed, even if innocent, are non-people.  They aren't as important as you, your brother, your mother, your friend, your neighbor or even some guy in the next town over that you've never even met before.  The less you think about the victims of US military actions the better is the position of most Americans.  I can say that because the evidence shows it to be true.  If American's cared that we, as a nation, are responsible for hundreds and even thousands of children loosing their lives from US military actions then our politicians would know it.  They'd care because you care.  They'd know you cared because you would let them know you care.  Every time another one of these reports surfaced you'd contact your representative.  You call your senator.  You'd petition the White House to stop the terrorism perpetrated by the USA via our military and civilian combat programs.

  In the past war was out of sight but US casualties kept it in our minds.  The knock on the door of 2 men in uniform to tell the family that their son has died.  If you didn't get the knock yourself you probably knew someone that did.  So while the images of war wasn't there we had a sense that there is a price to military action taken on by the USA.  In Vietnam we got exposed to not only those knocks but we also had a lot more understanding what was going on via returning vets and journalists.  Pictures that are now timeless that show not only the ugly face of war but let the people know that the USA isn't always the good guy.

  The young people today might not really understand the image above.  Sure the kids look scared but so what?!  Well lets look at Kim Phuc, the little naked girl there today.  She was a victim of a US Napalm attack.  For those of you that don't know it is a disgusting incendiary weapon that was designed to stick to flesh as it burned.  Think of it as hand sanitizing gell that is a LOT more flammable and a lot stickier.  Back then, in 1972, using it on civilians wasn't "illegal".  The UN didn't declare it a war crime until 8 years later.  Unfortunately that didn't help Kim.  Napalm burns at temperatures of 800-1200 Celsius.  For those that are metric impaired that is 1,500-2,200 Fahrenheit or 8-12 times hotter then boiling water.  The problem is that the drones are today's Napalm.  The government calls them lawful and effective but ignore the children and innocent people that are killed by them.  Kim is actually lucky.  She survived.  She lived through the pain of almost being burned to death.  Zubair survived.  He lived through the drone attack that killed his grandmother, wounded him, his sister and a few of his cousins.

  The issue now is that journalists in the USA refuse to publish images that the American people NEED to see.  Images that should outrage all American's.  Images that should stir you to act.  To contact your politicians.  To stop the USA's terrorism program.  We as a nation can not hold the moral high ground and complain when some "evil dictator" kills a few kids when our nation has been responsible for the deaths of hundreds if not thousands of children in Afghanistan alone.  We can not complain about Assad killing a few hundred kids with chemical weapons if we, as a nation, allowed our government to kill hundreds of innocent children with unmanned aerial vehicles.  Just because we are using weapons that have yet to be declared as a war crime if used against civilians doesn't give us the moral high ground over some dictator killing children with chemical weapons.  A dead child is a dead child.  The method of killing them isn't what should outrage you it is their death in the first place that should make you scream.

You should look at these and jump into action.  Remember when the Boston marathon bombing happened?  How outraged where you?  Sure the journalist showed the images over and over but those are images of American's being terrorized, injured and killed.  What about these kids?  Where is your outrage for them?  Where is your posts on Facebook showing support for their families?  Where is your insistence that those responsible for their deaths are brought to justice.  Sadly those you have elected are often the closest you'll get to seeing who is directly responsible.  Look in a mirror and you'll probably see someone that is indirectly responsible.  Someone who, through inaction, allows this to happen.

  The dynamic has changed though.  We no longer have lots of knocking on doors.  Most of you may not know someone that has either died or lost a love one to the current military conflicts going on.  The US "news" outlets seem to weak to expose the public to the ugly side of war.  To many people would look away in disgust.  To many people would call the journalist unpatriotic.  Both these types people disgust me in one way or another.  Every adult should have some understanding of the cost of war.  Right now to many American's call others terrorists because they strap a bomb to themselves and kill themselves and others in an attempt to change things.  But when American's pay lots of money to have foreigners killed without getting their hands dirty at all it they think it is right and just.  It isn't because the policies that control these strikes are flawed.  The people executing these strikes are flawed.  The intelligence gathered that these strikes are based on are flawed and to many innocent people are getting killed.  If you have a program where you know at least 25% of the people you kill are not guilty then there is a major fucking problem. If you don't do anything to stop this program then you are part of the problem.

  Right now the majority of American's support the drone program.  But how many people support the use of a strategy that kills the wrong target at least 25% of the time?  Who supports a program where over 5% of the people killed are innocent children?  Who in their right mind thinks this is "lawful and effective".

  If that all doesn't stir you then think of it this way.  The "interpretation" of the laws that is being used right in the US drone program allows the government to execute you, with out any trial or even oversight from any judge if you are overseas.  There is even grey areas about there use on, or rather above, American soil.

  Take back control of your government.  Let them know you aren't going to let them do what ever they want any more. That it isn't in the best interest of the USA and it's citizens to be terrorizing people half way around the world just because we have more expensive military toys.

My German heritage makes me proud.

While much of the rest of the world says it is to hard, to expensive or not even possible Germany is doing it.  What are they doing you ask?  Converting over to renewable energy sources like wind and solar.  They are doing it at a very nice pace to.  They are putting the change ahead of corporate greed.  They are giving control back to the people.

  For those of you that don't know Germany has a big push and big incentives for people to do things like install solar panels.  There are many people that take out loans to install solar systems that end up not only providing all the power needs for those people but also produces enough excess power to actually pay for the loans and maintenance of the solar power systems.

  This makes me think about the Berkeley professor that redid his house to use more efficient lights and appliances and at the same time install a solar panel system.  The professor paid for the entire conversion by adding on to his existing home loan.  The money the professor saved by going off the grid was more then the increase in his mortgage payment.  It can be done if people want to make the effort.

  Back in July Germany produced over 5.1TWh of power via solar. This broke the record of renewable energy generation previously held by wind turbines of 5TWh.  Germany is looking to get 80% of its energy needs from renewables by 2050 and at this rate Germany will have no trouble not only meeting that goal but exceeding it.

  So successful is the German model that corporations that own old fossil fuel power plants are trying to threaten to leave Germany.  To me that is a bit like a bully threatening a little kid that they'll to go to another school and beat up someone else.  The fact that these corporations are having a hard headed approach to changing to the markets is very telling.

  This is all something that the USA should have been doing back in the late 70s and early 80s but oil corporations lobbied the Reagan administration hard and not only put a stop to changes President Carter put in place but even had solar panels removed from the White House.  Carter said the following "a generation from now, this solar heater can either be a curiosity, a museum piece, an example of a road not taken, or it can be a small part of one of the greatest and most exciting adventures ever undertaken by the American people; harnessing the power of the Sun to enrich our lives as we move away from our crippling dependence on foreign oil."  Well a generation and a half later we are basically at the same point.  Obama had panels put back into the White House in 2010.  30 years have gone by.  30 years not completely wasted but not even close to being even partially realised.

  This revolution can either be one that the USA can be spear heading and profiting from or one that the USA can watch from the side lines and resort to being just another consumer dependent on other countries for the market and innovations.

  All this is ignoring the benefits of renewable.  All I'm saying is that the conversion can be done.  It isn't beyond our ability.  When people say it is then they are being VERY short sighted and even more ignorant of the reality of the situation.

  Do you think it can and should be done or are you one of the above?
Which of these do you want near your home?

This?

Or this?

Pride and Shame - A tale of a US Marine 20 years after leaving the Corps

I am moving into a new unit this weekend.  Out of an old one I've lived in for over 15 years now.  The new one's floor plan is pretty much a mirror image of the old one. Slightly more open because the wall between the kitchen and living room was removed to give it a more open feel.  In addition everything is new.  New kitchen, new bathroom, new laundry.  New feel.  I'm excited with the change.

So over the next few days I'll be shifting my stuff up to the new unit.  It is just one over and one up.  Bit of a hassle to shift stuff but well worth it.  I've got the TV, microwave, liqueur cabinet and my music instruments that have been collecting far to much dust up there already.

I wiped down a metal plate with the Great Seal of the United States on it a few hours ago and put it in my cabinet.  For those of you that don't know much about it see the picture and read my explanation of the symbolism.

  The Eagle represents our nation. In is beak is a ribbon with words "E Pluribus Unum" meaning, "Out of Many, One" the unofficial motto of the since 1776.  When our great nation was founded.  So when people tell me "Why do you want to change the motto from 'In God We Trust', it has been that for so long!" I point out that for 180 years "E Pluribus Unum" was our motto and it is more in tune with what our fore fathers envisioned for this nation then the one we've had for less then 60 years now.  This nation was built on the principal of individual freedom.  The freedom to hold what ever religious belief a person wishes.  To worship the god of their choosing not one forced upon them by others.  To worship many gods if that is your belief and not be oppressed by a government saying your gods are not true.  Or to not worship any god as I do.

  This means people can look to their government to help bring us together.  The nation is the unifying force.  Not one persons invisible sky god.  A nation of people where the government is accountable to the people and worshipping Yahweh, Allah, Izanagi, Elohim, Brahman, Jehovah, Huwa, Shangdi, any other god or gods, or not worshiping any divine being is not a factor of your citizenship or patriotism.  Where we unite as a people of a great nation for the betterment of all regardless of our religious belief compared to our countrymen.

  In the eagle's left talon are 13 arrows representing the 13 original colonies and the recognition that sometimes we, as a nation, must fight for what is right.  In the eagle's right talon is a olive branch.  A symbol of peace while the eagles head is turned towards the olive branch signifying our nation's strong urge for peace and not war.

  This symbolism is especially significant these days.  Where we have the chance to achieve so much through diplomacy with other nations to get an outcome that is better for all with only  a credible threat of war in the back ground.  I wonder with the massacre occurring in Syria how will our grand children look upon us for our actions and inaction's? It saddens me that the politics of the world cares so little for so many killed in that civil war.  At least some progress may be made to remove the chemical weapons without going to war.  That said I fail to see what difference it makes if someone is killed by a bullet to the head or exposed to a nerve agent or something similar.  Not many of you would know that I've had a lot of training dealing with chemical weapons while in the USMC.  Some may have heard an odd story hear or there pertaining to some of the more comical situations I found myself in.  What I can tell you is this.  If I had to choose how to go, by bullet or by gas, I would not care.  The end result is the same.  The person responsible for my death is not more or less evil for killing me one way over another.  Thus when a few dozen people die from a chemical attack we should not be out raged by the chemical attack.  We should be outraged by the slaughter of dozens of people.  Should we feel less for Jews and others shot by Nazi's then those that were gassed? No we should not.

  I hope that diplomacy works in removing chemical weapons from Syria but recognize that it doesn't solve the underlying problem.  A problem that to much of the world doesn't really care about.  The use of force that has been suggested would not have solved the underlying problem either.  So in this case I take the lesser of 2 evils and support the use of diplomacy to remove, at least, one tool that government could use against its own people.

   I also just unpacked a box that I haven't seen in years.  It had an award I got from the Republic of Korea Marine Corps commandant back in 1993.  Sgt Kinney and I were the first 2 enlisted to ever receive that award.  When I opened the award I found a picture of me in my dress blues.  So many conflicting thoughts in my head right now.  I have such a sense of pride from back then and I now have such a sense of outrage for how much our nation has deviated from the principals that made the USA great.  Not just since I've been in but for so long before.  While I'm not ashamed of anything I've ever done while serving our nation I am ashamed of so many things I was ignorant to.  When I joined the Marines I thought the biggest threat to me was from the middle east but I really did not know the real reasons why.  Even today you'll hear "reporters", because I refuse to call them journalists, say that "they hate us because they hate us!" and this is so far from the truth it isn't funny.

  The reason we are hated is because of the way we conduct ourselves as a nation and as a people.  As a nation we are self serving and take everything we can.  As a people we are largely willfully ignorant of how our nation treats the rest of the world.  We condemn foreigners for fighting for what they believe in.  Those ideals are often at odds with our "national interests".  "National interests" that may be "good" for the USA short term but often very bad for the foreign nation and end up very bad for the USA long term.  Yet if the shoe was on the other foot we would be calling Americans doing the same thing to the hostile nation "Patriots".  We condemn Bashar al-Assad for using chemical weapons but don't blink when we use white phosphorus against our "enemies".  We didn't have a problem when Saddam Hussein used chemical weapons against Iran.  Fuck we even told Saddam exactly were to send those chemical weapons for the biggest effect possible.  We quietly turned a blind eye when he also used them against his own people.  It is hard for us to try to stand on any moral high ground and say that al-Assad is committing war crimes when we ignore war crimes that our own nation commits.  It would be a lot easier to point the finger at Bashar for killing a hundred thousand of his own people if we, as a nation, were not responsible for the deaths of 20,000 civilians in Afghanistan over the last decade.

  The issue I have right now is the fact that the biggest pressure we have to fight there is to make corporations more money as we funnel money into a new war.  Not enough Americans care about 100,000 dead Syrians.  Not enough of the world care either.  The death of over 500 children in the last 18 months isn't enough because, whether you like it or not, to many people consider them as "non people".  If I could get the world to get Bashar out of control then, I hope, things would be better there.  But there are no guarantees.

  So where does that leave me.  Well like many things it is out of my hands.  I could ignore it but I've never been good at willfully ignoring stuff.  So I do what I can.  I let my elected politicians, in both countries, know how I feel.  I let people around me know how I feel, much to the disgust of some of you.  But if you've made it this far you must not be all that disgusted with my views even if you don't agree with me.  I understand how people don't want to get involved in Syria.  I only wonder what our grandchildren will think about what we did or did not do.

  If anyone has got to this point and don't want to see my rants let me know.  I'll give you the steps you need to do so that my posts don't show up in your news feeds within FB.  The only other step you  need to do is stay away from my blog, or as I call it "my online rant board"

Should Obama be put on trail?

You know why I say right wing zealots are crazy?  Because they are.  They try so hard to throw up a smoke screen and hope you have forgotten the past.  Sadly many right wing followers conveniently forget the past in support of their zealots.  Both GOP politicians and the slew of conservative "journalist", an I use that term VERY loosely, are calling for Obama to be brought to trial left right and centre.   Pete Santilli has called for the arrest, trial and shooting of both Obama and H. Clinton.  Specifically he says that she should be "shot in the vagina".  He claims that the hunt for Bin Laden was fake and says that the Obama administration had Seal Team 6 killed to silence them.

 Today the 2 reasons people are calling for the arrest of Obama are the IRS and Benghazi.

Let us look at the IRS "scandal".  How could Obama's administration use the IRS to target political opponents?  How can we stand for such a thing!?!?!  Well ask how you have probably stood for such a thing for as long as you have been alive if you are anywhere around my age.  You can go back even further then the 70s too. My only complaint here is that the IRS is targeting organisations disproportionately.  Many of these applicants for tax free status blatantly break the laws by involving themselves in the political process.  You might thing "Well why can't a not for profit organisation be politically involved?" and I say "IT IS THE FUCKING LAW!".  Put out of your mind left or right wing politics here. Read te 501(c) regulation.  What they are allowed to do in the political arena is very restricted.  I say the IRS hasn't gone far enough.  Many 501(c) organizations  on both the left and right, organisations need to be closely looked at because they are bucking the system and breaking the law by involving themselves in elections inappropriately.  Now is it ok for a church to provide transportation so people can vote?  Sure just as long as they aren't restricting that transportation to only people that vote one way.  Can a church or other 501(c) endorse a candidate   NO, no they can't because that is against the regulations that they agreed to when becoming a not for profit organisation.  If an organisation wants to endorse a candidate then fine...they need to give up their 501(c) status and not only for the election cycle.  If you don't think it is fair then go complain to a baseball umpire that it is unfair that some batter only got 3 strikes before they where out.

  So ask yourself why you where not up in arms when Bush sent the IRS after the All Saints Episcopal Church in Pasadena, California right after Pastor George Regas condemned the war on Iraq.  Or why the NAACP all of a sudden got audited right after they criticised Bush? Ask yourself why you aren't upset that Bush's administration had the CIA investigate Professor Juan Cole not once but twice simply because he criticized the war and has a voice that people listen to. These are not isolated incidences either.  There a numerous incidents where this has been done , not only by Bush and Obama but, for the last half a century.

  Next let us look at Benghazi.  4 Americans killed and that is a tragedy.  But let us put that in perspective.  Working at embassies is a risky career.  Bush had 13 separate attacks on U.S. consulates, offices and embassies in his 8 years 10 of which resulted in 98 people dead.  I'm also leaving out all the attacks that happened at our embassy in Baghdad during the Bush administration.  Forget Bush go to the GOPs idol Reagan.  A large number of terrorist attacks that happened under his administration occurred without any of these "journalistic organisations" complaining but they occurred without a response by the administration.  I'm not saying that Reagan's White House didn't have any response on the days following the attacks.  There were no responses EVER.

  So the next time you feel like supporting someone calling for the arrest, conviction and shooting of Obama or H. Clinton ask yourself what you think should be done to G.W.Bush given that 3 months before 9/11 he got annoyed by a CIA briefer reading him a memo titled "Bin Ladin Determined to strike in US" and Bush responding ""All right. You've covered your ass, now.".  What ever Obama did or did not do that might have contributed to Christopher Stevens, Sean Smith, Glen Doherty and Tyrone Woods's death must pale in comparison to what we know Bush did that resulted in 2,977 people dead on 9/11.  At the bottom of this post  is a list of those that died because of Bush's incompetence.

  Strangely enough the most damaging thing to come out, in my opinion, is what I consider the overreach by the Justice Dept obtaining the phone records of AP journalist.  In a time where real journalism is becoming an endangered species this is more damaging to our constitutional rights then the altering of words in sound bites over Benghazi and the IRS targeting 501(c)4 organisations for closer scrutiny.

Gordon M. Aamoth, Jr., Edelmiro Abad, Maria Rose Abad, Andrew Anthony Abate, Vincent Abate, Laurence Christopher Abel, William F. Abrahamson, Richard Anthony Aceto, Jesus Acevedo Rescand, Heinrich Bernhard Ackermann, Paul Acquaviva, Donald LaRoy Adams, Patrick Adams, Shannon Lewis Adams, Stephen George Adams, Ignatius Udo Adanga, Christy A. Addamo, Terence E. Adderley, Jr., Sophia Buruwad Addo, Lee Allan Adler, Daniel Thomas Afflitto, Emmanuel Akwasi Afuakwah, Alok Agarwal, Mukul Kumar Agarwala, Joseph Agnello, David Scott Agnes, Brian G. Ahearn, Jeremiah Joseph Ahern, Joanne Marie Ahladiotis, Shabbir Ahmed, Terrance Andre Aiken, Godwin Ajala, Gertrude M. Alagero, Andrew Alameno , Margaret Ann Alario, Gary M. Albero, Jon Leslie Albert, Peter Alderman, Jacquelyn Delaine Aldridge, David D. Alger, Sarah Ali-Escarcega, Ernest Alikakos, Edward L. Allegretto, Eric Allen, Joseph Ryan Allen, Richard Dennis Allen, Richard Lanard Allen, Christopher E. Allingham, Janet M. Alonso, Arturo Alva-Moreno, Anthony Alvarado, Antonio Javier Alvarez, Victoria Alvarez-Brito, Telmo E. Alvear, Cesar Amoranto Alviar, Tariq Amanullah, Angelo Amaranto, James M. Amato Joseph Amatuccio, Christopher Charles Amoroso, Kazuhiro Anai, Calixto Anaya, Jr., Joseph Anchundia, Kermit Charles Anderson, Yvette Constance Anderson, John Andreacchio, Michael Rourke Andrews, Jean Ann Andrucki, Siew-Nya Ang, Joseph Angelini, Jr., Joseph Angelini, Sr., Laura Angilletta, Doreen J. Angrisani, Lorraine Antigua, Peter Paul Apollo, Faustino Apostol, Jr., Frank Thomas Aquilino, Patrick Michael Aranyos, David Arce, Michael George Arczynski , Louis Arena, Adam P. Arias, Michael Armstrong, Jack Charles Aron, Joshua Aron, Richard Avery Aronow, Japhet Jesse Aryee, Patrick Asante, Carl Asaro, Michael Asciak, Michael Edward Asher, Janice Marie Ashley, Thomas J. Ashton, Manuel O. Asitimbay, Gregg Arthur Atlas, Gerald T. Atwood, James Audiffred, Louis Frank Aversano, Jr., Ezra Aviles, Sandy Ayala, Arlene T. Babakitis, Eustace P. Bacchus, John J. Badagliacca, Jane Ellen Baeszler, Robert J. Baierwalter, Andrew J. Bailey, Brett T. Bailey, Tatyana Bakalinskaya, Michael S. Baksh, Sharon M. Balkcom, Michael Andrew Bane, Katherine Bantis, Gerard Baptiste, Walter Baran, Gerard A. Barbara, Paul Vincent Barbaro, James William Barbella, Ivan Kyrillos F. Barbosa, Victor Daniel Barbosa, Colleen Ann Barkow, David Michael Barkway, Matthew Barnes, Sheila Patricia Barnes, Evan J. Baron, Renee Barrett-Arjune, Nathaly Barrios La Cruz, Arthur Thaddeus Barry, Diane G. Barry, Maurice Vincent Barry, Scott D. Bart, Carlton W. Bartels, Guy Barzvi, Inna B. Basina, Alysia Basmajian , Kenneth William Basnicki, Steven Bates, Paul James Battaglia, Walter David Bauer, Jr., Marlyn Capito Bautista, Jasper Baxter, Michele Beale, Paul Frederick Beatini, Jane S. Beatty, Lawrence Ira Beck, Manette Marie Beckles, Carl John Bedigian, Michael Earnest Beekman, Maria A. Behr, Yelena Belilovsky , Nina Patrice Bell, Debbie Bellows, Stephen Elliot Belson, Paul M. Benedetti, Denise Lenore Benedetto , Maria Bengochea, Bryan Craig Bennett, Eric L. Bennett, Oliver Duncan Bennett, Margaret L. Benson, Dominick J. Berardi, James Patrick Berger, Steven Howard Berger, John P. Bergin, Alvin Bergsohn, Daniel Bergstein, Michael J. Berkeley, Donna M. Bernaerts, David W. Bernard, William Bernstein, David M. Berray, David S. Berry, Joseph J. Berry, William Reed Bethke, Timothy Betterly, Edward Frank Beyea, Paul Beyer, Anil Tahilram Bharvaney, Bella J. Bhukhan, Shimmy D. Biegeleisen, Peter Alexander Bielfeld, William G. Biggart, Brian Bilcher, Carl Vincent Bini, Gary Eugene Bird, Joshua David Birnbaum, George John Bishop, Jeffrey Donald Bittner, Albert Balewa Blackman, Jr., Christopher Joseph Blackwell, Susan Leigh Blair, Harry Blanding, Jr., Janice Lee Blaney, Craig Michael Blass, Rita Blau, Richard Middleton Blood, Jr., Michael Andrew Boccardi , John P. Bocchi, Michael Leopoldo Bocchino, Susan M. Bochino, Bruce D. Boehm, Mary Catherine Boffa, Nicholas Andrew Bogdan, Darren Christopher Bohan, Lawrence Francis Boisseau, Vincent M. Boland, Jr., Alan Bondarenko , Andre Bonheur, Jr., Colin Arthur Bonnett, Frank Bonomo, Yvonne Lucia Bonomo, Genieve Bonsignore, 3 , Seaon Booker, Sherry Ann Bordeaux, Krystine Bordenabe, Martin Boryczewski, Richard Edward Bosco, John H. Boulton, Francisco Eligio Bourdier, Thomas Harold Bowden, Jr., Kimberly S. Bowers, Veronique Nicole Bowers, Larry Bowman, Shawn Edward Bowman, Jr., Kevin L. Bowser, Gary R. Box, Gennady Boyarsky, Pamela Boyce, Michael Boyle, Alfred Braca, Kevin Bracken, David Brian Brady, Alexander Braginsky, Nicholas W. Brandemarti, Michelle Renee Bratton, Patrice Braut, Lydia E. Bravo, Ronald Michael Breitweiser, Edward A. Brennan III, Francis Henry Brennan, Michael E. Brennan, Peter Brennan, Thomas M. Brennan, Daniel J. Brethel, Gary Lee Bright, Jonathan Briley, Mark A. Brisman, Paul Gary Bristow, Mark Francis Broderick, Herman Charles Broghammer, Keith A. Broomfield, Ethel Brown Janice , Juloise Brown, Lloyd Stanford Brown, Patrick J. Brown, Bettina Browne, Mark Bruce, Richard George Bruehert, Andrew Brunn, Vincent Brunton, Ronald Paul Bucca, Brandon J. Buchanan, Gregory Joseph Buck, Dennis Buckley, Nancy Clare Bueche, Patrick Joseph Buhse, John Edwards Bulaga, Jr., Stephen Bunin, Matthew J. Burke , Thomas Daniel Burke, William Francis Burke, Jr., Donald J. Burns, Kathleen Anne Burns, Keith James Burns, John Patrick Burnside, Irina Buslo, Milton G. Bustillo, Thomas M. Butler, Patrick Byrne, Timothy G. Byrne , Jesus Neptali Cabezas, Lillian Caceres, Brian Joseph Cachia, Steven Dennis Cafiero, Jr., Richard M. Caggiano, Cecile Marella Caguicla, Michael John Cahill, Scott Walter Cahill, Thomas Joseph Cahill, George Cain, Salvatore B. Calabro, Joseph Calandrillo, Philip V. Calcagno, Edward Calderon, Kenneth Marcus Caldwell, Dominick Enrico Calia, Felix Calixte, Frank Callahan, Liam Callahan, Luigi Calvi, Roko Camaj, Michael F. Cammarata, David Otey Campbell, Geoffrey Thomas Campbell, Jill Marie Campbell, Robert Arthur Campbell, Sandra Patricia Campbell , Sean Thomas Canavan, John A. Candela, Vincent Cangelosi, Stephen J. Cangialosi, Lisa Bella Cannava, Brian Cannizzaro , Michael Canty, Louis Anthony Caporicci, Jonathan Neff Cappello, James Christopher Cappers, Richard Michael Caproni, Jose Manuel Cardona, Dennis M. Carey, Steve Carey, Edward Carlino, Michael Scott Carlo, David G. Carlone , Rosemarie C. Carlson, Mark Stephen Carney, Joyce Ann Carpeneto, Ivhan Luis Carpio Bautista , Jeremy M. Carrington, Michael Carroll, Peter Carroll, James Joseph Carson, Jr., Marcia Cecil Carter, James Marcel Cartier, Vivian Casalduc, John Francis Casazza, Paul R. Cascio, Margarito Casillas, Thomas Anthony Casoria, William Otto Caspar, Alejandro Castano, Arcelia Castillo, Germaan Castillo Garcia, Leonard M. Castrianno, Jose Ramon Castro, Richard G. Catarelli, Christopher Sean Caton, Robert John Caufield, Mary Teresa Caulfield, Judson Cavalier, Michael Joseph Cawley, Jason David Cayne, Juan Armando Ceballos, Jason Michael Cefalu, Thomas Joseph Celic, Ana Mercedes Centeno, Joni Cesta, Jeffrey Marc Chairnoff, Swarna Chalasani , William Chalcoff, Eli Chalouh, Charles Lawrence Chan, Mandy Chang, Mark Lawrence Charette, Gregorio Manuel Chavez, Delrose E. Cheatham, Pedro Francisco Checo, Douglas MacMillan Cherry, Stephen Patrick Cherry, Vernon Paul Cherry, Nester Julio Chevalier, Swede Chevalier , Alexander H. Chiang, Dorothy J. Chiarchiaro, Luis Alfonso Chimbo, Robert Chin, Wing Wai Ching, Nicholas Paul Chiofalo, John Chipura, Peter A. Chirchirillo, Catherine Chirls, Kyung Hee Cho, Abul K. Chowdhury, Mohammad Salahuddin Chowdhury, Kirsten L. Christophe, Pamela Chu, Steven Chucknick, Wai Chung, Christopher Ciafardini, Alex F. Ciccone, Frances Ann Cilente, Elaine Cillo, Edna Cintron, Nestor Andre Cintron III, Robert Dominick Cirri, Juan Pablo Cisneros-Alvarez, Benjamin Keefe Clark, Eugene Clark, Gregory Alan Clark, Mannie Leroy Clark, Thomas R. Clark, Christopher Robert Clarke, Donna Marie Clarke, Michael J. Clarke , Suria Rachel Emma Clarke, Kevin Francis Cleary, James D. Cleere , Geoffrey W. Cloud, Susan Marie Clyne, Steven Coakley, Jeffrey Alan Coale, Patricia A. Cody, Daniel Michael Coffey, Jason M. Coffey, Florence G. Cohen, Kevin Sanford Cohen, Anthony Joseph Coladonato, Mark Joseph Colaio, Stephen Colaio, Christopher M. Colasanti, Kevin Nathaniel Colbert, Michel P. Colbert , Keith E. Coleman, Scott Thomas Coleman, Tarel Coleman, Liam Joseph Colhoun, Robert D. Colin, Robert J. Coll, Jean Collin, John Michael Collins, Michael L. Collins, Thomas J. Collins, Joseph Collison, Patricia Malia Colodner, Linda M. Colon, Sol E. Colon, Ronald Edward Comer, Sandra Jolane Conaty Brace, Jaime Concepcion, Albert Conde, Denease Conley, Susan P. Conlon, Margaret Mary Conner, Cynthia Marie Lise Connolly, John E. Connolly, Jr., James Lee Connor, Jonathan M. Connors, Kevin Patrick Connors, Kevin F. Conroy, Jose Manuel Contreras-Fernandez , Brenda E. Conway, Dennis Michael Cook, Helen D. Cook, John A. Cooper, Joseph John Coppo, Jr., Gerard J. Coppola, Joseph Albert Corbett, Alejandro Cordero, Robert Cordice, Ruben D. Correa , Danny A. Correa-Gutierrez, James J. Corrigan, Carlos Cortes, Kevin Cosgrove, Dolores Marie Costa, Digna Alexandra Costanza, Charles Gregory Costello, Jr., Michael S. Costello, Conrod K. Cottoy , Martin John Coughlan, John Gerard Coughlin, Timothy J. Coughlin, James E. Cove, Andre Cox, Frederick John Cox, James Raymond Coyle, Michele Coyle-Eulau, Anne Marie Cramer, Christopher S. Cramer, Denise Elizabeth Crant, James Leslie Crawford, Jr., Robert James Crawford, Joanne Mary Cregan, Lucy Crifasi, John A. Crisci, Daniel Hal Crisman, Dennis Cross, Kevin Raymond Crotty, Thomas G. Crotty, John Crowe, Welles Remy Crowther, Robert L. Cruikshank, John Robert Cruz , Grace Yu Cua, Kenneth John Cubas, Francisco Cruz Cubero, Richard J. Cudina, Neil James Cudmore, Thomas Patrick Cullen lll, Joyce Cummings , Brian Thomas Cummins, Michael Cunningham, Robert Curatolo, Laurence Damian Curia, Paul Dario Curioli, Beverly Curry, Michael S. Curtin , Gavin Cushny, John D'Allara, Vincent Gerard D'Amadeo, Jack D'Ambrosi, Mary D'Antonio, Edward A. D'Atri, Michael D. D'Auria, Michael Jude D'Esposito, Manuel John Da Mota, Caleb Arron Dack, Carlos S. DaCosta, Joao Alberto DaFonseca Aguiar, Jr., Thomas A. Damaskinos, Jeannine Marie Damiani-Jones, Patrick W. Danahy, Nana Danso, Vincent Danz, Dwight Donald Darcy, Elizabeth Ann Darling, Annette Andrea Dataram, Lawrence Davidson, Michael Allen Davidson, Scott Matthew Davidson, Titus Davidson, Niurka Davila, Clinton Davis, Wayne Terrial Davis, Anthony Richard Dawson, Calvin Dawson, Edward James Day, Jayceryll de Chavez, Jennifer De Jesus, Monique E. De Jesus, Nereida De Jesus, Emerita De La Pena, Azucena Maria de la Torre, David Paul De Rubbio, Jemal Legesse De Santis , Christian Louis De Simone, Melanie Louise De Vere, William Thomas Dean, Robert J. DeAngelis, Jr., Thomas Patrick DeAngelis, Tara E. Debek, Anna Marjia DeBin, James V. Deblase, Paul DeCola, Simon Marash Dedvukaj, Jason Defazio, David A. DeFeo, Manuel Del Valle, Jr., Donald Arthur Delapenha, Vito Joseph DeLeo, Danielle Anne Delie, Joseph A. Della Pietra, Andrea DellaBella, Palmina DelliGatti, Colleen Ann Deloughery, Francis Albert DeMartini, Anthony Demas, Martin N. DeMeo , Francis Deming, Carol K. Demitz, Kevin Dennis, Thomas F. Dennis, Jean DePalma, Jose Depena, Robert John Deraney, Michael DeRienzo, Edward DeSimone III, Andrew Desperito, Cindy Ann Deuel, Jerry DeVito, Robert P. Devitt, Jr., Dennis Lawrence Devlin, Gerard Dewan, Sulemanali Kassamali Dhanani, Patricia Florence Di Chiaro, Debra Ann Di Martino, Michael Louis Diagostino, Matthew Diaz, Nancy Diaz, Rafael Arturo Diaz, Michael A. Diaz-Piedra III, Judith Berquis Diaz-Sierra, Joseph Dermot Dickey, Jr., Lawrence Patrick Dickinson, Michael D. Diehl, John Difato, Vincent Difazio, Carl Anthony DiFranco, Donald Difranco, Stephen Patrick Dimino, William John Dimmling, Marisa DiNardo Schorpp, Christopher M. Dincuff, Jeffrey Mark Dingle, Anthony Dionisio , George DiPasquale, Joseph Dipilato, Douglas Frank DiStefano, Ramzi A. Doany, John Joseph Doherty, Melissa C. Doi, Brendan Dolan, Neil Matthew Dollard, James Joseph Domanico , Benilda Pascua Domingo , Carlos Dominguez, Jerome Mark Patrick Dominguez, Kevin W. Donnelly, Jacqueline Donovan, Stephen Scott Dorf, Thomas Dowd, Kevin Dowdell, Mary Yolanda Dowling, Raymond Mathew Downey, Frank Joseph Doyle, Joseph Michael Doyle, Stephen Patrick Driscoll, Mirna A. Duarte, Michelle Beale Duberry , Luke A. Dudek, Christopher Michael Duffy , Gerard Duffy, Michael Joseph Duffy, Thomas W. Duffy , Antoinette Duger , Sareve Dukat, Christopher Joseph Dunne, Richard Anthony Dunstan, Patrick Thomas Dwyer, Joseph Anthony Eacobacci, John Bruce Eagleson, Robert Douglas Eaton, Dean Phillip Eberling, Margaret Ruth Echtermann, Paul Robert Eckna, Constantine Economos, Dennis Michael Edwards, Michael Hardy Edwards, Christine Egan, Lisa Egan, Martin J. Egan, Jr., Michael Egan, Samantha Martin Egan, Carole Eggert, Lisa Caren Ehrlich, John Ernst Eichler, Eric Adam Eisenberg, Daphne Ferlinda Elder, Michael J. Elferis , Mark Joseph Ellis, Valerie Silver Ellis, Albert Alfy William Elmarry, Edgar Hendricks Emery, Jr., Doris Suk-Yuen Eng, Christopher Epps, Ulf Ramm Ericson, Erwin L. Erker, William John Erwin, Jose Espinal, Fanny Espinoza, Bridget Ann Esposito, Francis Esposito , Michael Esposito , William Esposito , Ruben Esquilin, Jr., Sadie Ette, Barbara G. Etzold, Eric Brian Evans, Robert Evans, Meredith Emily June Ewart, Catherine K. Fagan, Patricia Mary Fagan, Keith George Fairben, Sandra Fajardo-Smith, William F. Fallon, William Lawrence Fallon, Jr., Anthony J. Fallone, Jr., Dolores Brigitte Fanelli, John Joseph Fanning, Kathleen Anne Faragher, Thomas Farino, Nancy Carole Farley, Elizabeth Ann Farmer, Douglas Jon Farnum, John G. Farrell, John W. Farrell, Terrence Patrick Farrell, Joseph D. Farrelly, Thomas Patrick Farrelly, Syed Abdul Fatha, Christopher Edward Faughnan, Wendy R. Faulkner, Shannon Marie Fava, Bernard D. Favuzza, Robert Fazio, Jr., Ronald Carl Fazio, William Feehan, Francis Jude Feely, Garth Erin Feeney, Sean B. Fegan, Lee S. Fehling, Peter Adam Feidelberg, Alan D. Feinberg , Rosa Maria Feliciano, Edward Thomas Fergus, Jr., George Ferguson, Henry Fernandez , Judy Hazel Fernandez, Julio Fernandez, Elisa Giselle Ferraina, Anne Marie Sallerin Ferreira, Robert John Ferris, David Francis Ferrugio, Louis V. Fersini, Michael David Ferugio, Bradley James Fetchet, Jennifer Louise Fialko, Kristen Nicole Fiedel, Samuel Fields, Michael Bradley Finnegan , Timothy J. Finnerty, Michael Curtis Fiore, Stephen S R Fiorelli, Sr., Paul M. Fiori, John B. Fiorito, John R. Fischer, Andrew Fisher, Bennett Lawson Fisher, John Roger Fisher, Thomas J. Fisher , Lucy A. Fishman, Ryan D. Fitzgerald, Thomas James Fitzpatrick, Richard P. Fitzsimons, Salvatore Fiumefreddo, Christina Donovan Flannery, Eileen Flecha, Andre G. Fletcher, Carl M. Flickinger , John Joseph Florio, Joseph Walken Flounders , David Fodor, Michael N. Fodor , Stephen Mark Fogel, Thomas Foley, David J. Fontana , Chih Min Foo, Godwin Forde, Donald A. Foreman, Christopher Hugh Forsythe, Claudia Alicia Foster, Noel John Foster , Ana Fosteris, Robert Joseph Foti, Jeffrey Fox, Virginia Fox, Pauline Francis, Virgin Francis, Gary Jay Frank, Morton H. Frank, Peter Christopher Frank, Richard K. Fraser, Kevin J. Frawley, Clyde Frazier, Jr. , Lillian Inez Frederick, Andrew Fredricks, Tamitha Freeman, Brett Owen Freiman, Peter L. Freund, Arlene Eva Fried , Alan Wayne Friedlander, Andrew Keith Friedman, Gregg J. Froehner, Peter Christian Fry, Clement A. Fumando, Steven Elliot Furman, Paul Furmato, Fredric Neal Gabler, Richard Samuel Federick Gabrielle, James Andrew Gadiel, Pamela Lee Gaff , Ervin Vincent Gailliard, Deanna Lynn Galante, Grace Catherine Galante, Anthony Edward Gallagher, Daniel James Gallagher, John Patrick Gallagher, Lourdes Galletti, Cono E. Gallo, Vincenzo Gallucci, Thomas E. Galvin, Giovanna Galletta Gambale, Thomas Gambino, Jr., Giann Franco Gamboa, Peter Ganci, Ladkat K. Ganesh, Claude Michael Gann, Osseni Garba, Charles William Garbarini , Ceasar Garcia, David Garcia, Juan Garcia, Marlyn Del Carmen Garcia, Christopher S. Gardner, Douglas Benjamin Gardner, Harvey J. Gardner III, Jeffrey Brian Gardner, Thomas Gardner , William Arthur Gardner, Francesco Garfi, Rocco Nino Gargano, James M. Gartenberg, Matthew David Garvey, Bruce Gary, Boyd Alan Gatton, Donald Richard Gavagan, Jr., Terence D. Gazzani, Gary Geidel, Paul Hamilton Geier, Julie M. Geis, Peter G. Gelinas, Steven Paul Geller, Howard G. Gelling, Peter Victor Genco, Jr., Steven Gregory Genovese, Alayne Gentul, Edward F. Geraghty, Suzanne Geraty, Ralph Gerhardt, Robert Gerlich, Denis P. Germain, Marina Romanovna Gertsberg, Susan M. Getzendanner, James G. Geyer, Joseph M. Giaccone, Vincent Francis Giammona, Debra Lynn Gibbon, James Andrew Giberson, Craig Neil Gibson, Ronnie E. Gies, Laura A. Giglio, Andrew Clive Gilbert, Timothy Paul Gilbert, Paul Stuart Gilbey, Paul John Gill, Mark Y. Gilles, Evan Gillette, Ronald Lawrence Gilligan, Rodney C. Gillis, Laura Gilly, John F. Ginley, Donna Marie Giordano, Jeffrey John Giordano, John Giordano, Steven A. Giorgetti, Martin Giovinazzo, Kum-Kum Girolamo, Salvatore Gitto, Cynthia Giugliano, Mon Gjonbalaj, Dianne Gladstone, Keith Glascoe, Thomas Irwin Glasser, Harry Glenn, Barry H. Glick, Steven Glick, John T. Gnazzo, William Robert Godshalk, Michael Gogliormella, Brian Fredric Goldberg, Jeffrey Grant Goldflam, Michelle Goldstein, Monica Goldstein, Steven Goldstein , Andrew H. Golkin , Dennis James Gomes, Enrique Antonio Gomez, Jose Bienvenido Gomez, Manuel Gomez, Jr., Wilder Alfredo Gomez, Jenine Nicole Gonzalez, Mauricio Gonzalez, Rosa Gonzalez, Calvin J. Gooding, Harry Goody, Kiran Reddy Gopu, Catherine C. Gorayeb, Kerene Gordon, Sebastian Gorki, Kieran Joseph Gorman, Thomas Edward Gorman, Michael Edward Gould, Yuji Goya, Jon Richard Grabowski, Christopher Michael Grady, Edwin J. Graf III, David Martin Graifman, Gilbert Franco Granados, Elvira Granitto, Winston Arthur Grant, Christopher S. Gray, James Michael Gray, Tara McCloud Gray, Linda Catherine Grayling, John M. Grazioso, Timothy George Grazioso , Derrick Auther Green, Wade B. Green, Elaine Myra Greenberg, Gayle R. Greene, James Arthur Greenleaf, Jr., Eileen Marsha Greenstein , Elizabeth Martin Gregg, Denise Gregory, Donald H. Gregory, Florence Moran Gregory, Pedro Grehan , John Michael Griffin, Tawanna Sherry Griffin, Joan Donna Griffith, Warren Grifka, Ramon Grijalvo, Joseph F. Grillo, David Joseph Grimner, Kenneth George Grouzalis, Joseph Grzelak, Matthew James Grzymalski, Robert Joseph Gschaar, Liming Gu, Jose Guadalupe, Cindy Yan Zhu Guan, Joel Guevara Gonzalez, Geoffrey E. Guja, Joseph Gullickson, Babita Girjamatie Guman, Douglas Brian Gurian, Janet Ruth Gustafson, Philip T. Guza, Barbara Guzzardo, Peter M. Gyulavary, Gary Robert Haag, Andrea Lyn Haberman, Barbara Mary Habib, Philip Haentzler, Nezam A. Hafiz, Karen Elizabeth Hagerty, Steven Michael Hagis, Mary Lou Hague, David Halderman, Maile Rachel Hale , Richard B. Hall, Vaswald George Hall, Robert J. Halligan, Vincent Gerard Halloran, James Douglas Halvorson, Mohammad Salman Hamdani, Felicia Hamilton, Robert Hamilton, Frederic K. Han, Christopher J. Hanley, Sean S. Hanley, Valerie Joan Hanna, Thomas Hannafin, Kevin James Hannaford, Michael Lawrence Hannan, Dana R Hannon, Vassilios G. Haramis, James A. Haran, Jeffrey Pike Hardy, Timothy John Hargrave, Daniel Edward Harlin, Frances Haros, Harvey Harrell, Stephen G. Harrell, Melissa Marie Harrington, Aisha Anne Harris, Stewart Dennis Harris, John Patrick Hart , John Clinton Hartz, Emeric Harvey, Thomas Theodore Haskell, Jr., Timothy Haskell, Joseph John Hasson III, Leonard W. Hatton, Terence S. Hatton, Michael Haub, Timothy Aaron Haviland, Donald G. Havlish, Jr., Anthony Hawkins , Nobuhiro Hayatsu, Philip Hayes, William Ward Haynes, Scott Jordan Hazelcorn, Michael K. Healey, Roberta B. Heber, Charles Francis Xavier Heeran, John F. Heffernan, H. Joseph Heller, Jr., Joann L. Heltibridle, Mark F. Hemschoot, Ronnie Lee Henderson, Brian Hennessey , Michelle Marie Henrique, Joseph Henry, William Henry, John Christopher Henwood, Robert Allan Hepburn, Mary Herencia, Lindsay C. Herkness III, Harvey Robert Hermer, Claribel Hernandez, Eduardo Hernandez, Nuberto Hernandez, Raul Hernandez, Gary Herold, Jeffrey A. Hersch , Thomas Hetzel, Brian Hickey, Ysidro Hidalgo, Timothy Higgins, Robert D. W. Higley II, Todd Russell Hill, Clara Victorine Hinds, Neal O. Hinds, Mark D. Hindy, Katsuyuki Hirai, Heather Malia Ho, Tara Yvette Hobbs, Thomas Anderson Hobbs, James J. Hobin, Robert Wayne Hobson, DaJuan Hodges, Ronald George Hoerner, Patrick A. Hoey, Marcia Hoffman, Stephen G. Hoffman, Frederick Joseph Hoffmann, Michele L. Hoffmann, Judith Florence Hofmiller, Thomas Warren Hohlweck, Jr., Jonathan R. Hohmann, John Holland, Joseph F. Holland, Elizabeth Holmes, Thomas Holohan , Bradley Hoorn, James P. Hopper, Montgomery McCullough Hord, Michael Horn, Matthew Douglas Horning , Robert L. Horohoe, Jr., Aaron Horwitz, Charles Houston, Uhuru G. Houston, George Howard, Michael C. Howell, Steven Leon Howell, Jennifer L. Howley, Milagros Hromada, Marian R. Hrycak , Stephen Huczko, Jr., Kris Robert Hughes, Paul Rexford Hughes, Robert Thomas Hughes, Thomas Hughes, Timothy Robert Hughes, Susan Huie, Lamar Hulse, William Christopher Hunt, Kathleen Anne Hunt-Casey, Joseph Hunter, Robert R. Hussa, Abid Hussain, Thomas Edward Hynes, Walter G. Hynes, Joseph Anthony Ianelli, Zuhtu Ibis, Jonathan Lee Ielpi, Michael Iken, Daniel Ilkanayev, Frederick Ill, Jr., Abraham Nethanel Ilowitz, Anthony P. Infante, Jr., Louis S. Inghilterra, Jr., Christopher Noble Ingrassia, Paul Innella, Stephanie Veronica Irby, Douglas Irgang, Kristin A. Irvine Ryan, Todd Antione Isaac, Erik Isbrandtsen, Taizo Ishikawa, Aram Iskenderian, Jr., John F. Iskyan, Kazushige Ito, Aleksandr Valeryevich Ivantsov, Virginia May Jablonski, Brooke Alexandra Jackman, Aaron Jeremy Jacobs, Ariel Louis Jacobs, Jason Kyle Jacobs, Michael Grady Jacobs, Steven A. Jacobson, Ricknauth Jaggernauth, Jake Denis Jagoda, Yudh Vir Singh Jain, Maria Jakubiak, Ernest James, Gricelda E. James, Priscilla James, Mark Steven Jardim, Muhammadou Jawara, Francois Jean-Pierre, Maxima Jean-Pierre, Paul Edward Jeffers, Alva Cynthia Jeffries Sanchez, Joseph Jenkins, Jr., Alan Keith Jensen, Prem N. Jerath, Farah Jeudy, Hweidar Jian, Eliezer Jimenez, Jr., Luis Jimenez, Jr., Fernando Jimenez-Molina , Charles Gregory John, Nicholas John, LaShawna Johnson, Scott Michael Johnson, William R. Johnston, Allison Horstmann Jones, Arthur Joseph Jones, Brian Leander Jones, Christopher D. Jones, Donald T. Jones, Donald W. Jones , Linda Jones, Mary S. Jones, Andrew Jordan, Robert Thomas Jordan, Albert Gunnia Joseph, Guylene Joseph, Ingeborg Joseph, Karl Henry Joseph, Stephen Joseph, Jane Eileen Josiah, Anthony Jovic, Angel L. Juarbe, Jr., Karen Sue Juday , Mychal F. Judge, Paul William Jurgens, Thomas Edward Jurgens, Kacinga Kabeya, Shashikiran Lakshmikantha Kadaba, Gavkharoy Kamardinova, Shari Kandell, Howard Lee Kane, Jennifer Lynn Kane, Vincent D. Kane, Joon Koo Kang, Sheldon Robert Kanter, Deborah H. Kaplan, Alvin Peter Kappelmann, Jr., Charles Karczewski, William A. Karnes, Douglas Gene Karpiloff, Charles L. Kasper, Andrew K. Kates , John Katsimatides, Robert Michael Kaulfers, Don Jerome Kauth, Jr., Hideya Kawauchi, Edward T. Keane, Richard M. Keane, Lisa Yvonne Kearney-Griffin, Karol Ann Keasler, Paul Hanlon Keating, Leo Russell Keene III, Joseph John Keller, Peter R. Kellerman, Joseph P. Kellett , Frederick H. Kelley, Jr., James Joseph Kelly, Joseph A. Kelly, Maurice P. Kelly, Richard John Kelly, Jr., Thomas Michael Kelly, Thomas Richard Kelly, Thomas W. Kelly, Timothy Colin Kelly, William Hill Kelly, Jr., Robert Clinton Kennedy, Thomas J. Kennedy, John R. Keohane , Ronald T. Kerwin , Howard L. Kestenbaum, Douglas D. Ketcham, Ruth Ellen Ketler, Boris Khalif, Sarah Khan, Taimour Firaz Khan, Rajesh Khandelwal, Oliva Khemrat, SeiLai Khoo, Michael Kiefer, Satoshi Kikuchihara, Andrew Jay-Hoon Kim, Lawrence D. Kim , Mary Jo Kimelman, Andrew M. King, Lucille Teresa King, Robert King, Jr., Lisa King-Johnson, Takashi Kinoshita, Chris Michael Kirby, Howard Barry Kirschbaum, Glenn Davis Kirwin, Helen Crossin Kittle, Richard Joseph Klares, Peter Anton Klein, Alan David Kleinberg, Karen Joyce Klitzman, Ronald Philip Kloepfer, Evgueni Kniazev, Andrew Knox, Thomas Patrick Knox, Rebecca Lee Koborie, Deborah A. Kobus, Gary Edward Koecheler, Frank J. 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Larry, Scott Larsen, John Adam Larson, Gary Edward Lasko, Nicholas Craig Lassman, Paul Laszczynski , Jeffrey G. LaTouche, Charles Laurencin, Stephen James Lauria, Maria LaVache, Denis Francis Lavelle, Jeannine Mary LaVerde, Anna A. Laverty, Steven Lawn, Robert Lawrence , Nathaniel Lawson, Eugen Gabriel Lazar, James Patrick Leahy, Joseph Gerard Leavey, Neil Joseph Leavy, Leon Lebor, Kenneth Charles Ledee, Alan J. Lederman, Elena F. Ledesma, Alexis Leduc, David S. Lee, Gary H. Lee, Hyun Joon Lee, Juanita Lee, Kathryn Blair Lee , Linda C. Lee, Lorraine Mary Lee, Myoung Woo Lee, Richard Y. Lee, Stuart Soo-Jin Lee, Yang Der Lee, Stephen Paul Lefkowitz, Adriana Legro, Edward Joseph Lehman, Eric Andrew Lehrfeld, David Leistman, David Prudencio Lemagne, Joseph Anthony Lenihan, John Joseph Lennon, Jr., John Robinson Lenoir, Jorge Luis Leon, Matthew Gerard Leonard, Michael Lepore, Charles A. Lesperance, Jeff Leveen, John Dennis Levi , Alisha Caren Levin, Neil David Levin, Robert Levine, Robert Michael Levine, Shai Levinhar, Adam Jay Lewis, Margaret Susan Lewis, Ye Wei Liang, Orasri Liangthanasarn, Daniel F. Libretti, Ralph Licciardi, Edward Lichtschein, Steven Barry Lillianthal, Carlos R. Lillo, Craig Damian Lilore, Arnold A. Lim, Darya Lin, Wei Rong Lin, Nickie L. Lindo, Thomas V. Linehan, Jr., Robert Thomas Linnane, Alan P. Linton, Jr., Diane Theresa Lipari, Kenneth Lira, Francisco Alberto Liriano, Lorraine Lisi, Paul Lisson, Vincent M. Litto, Ming-Hao Liu, Nancy Liz, Harold Lizcano, Martin Lizzul, George A. Llanes, Elizabeth C. Logler, Catherine Lisa Loguidice, Jerome Robert Lohez, Michael William Lomax, Laura Maria Longing, Salvatore Lopes, Daniel Lopez, George Lopez, Luis Manuel Lopez, Manuel L. Lopez, Joseph Lostrangio, Chet Dek Louie, Stuart Seid Louis , Joseph Lovero, Jenny Seu Kueng Low Wong, Michael W. Lowe , Garry W. Lozier, John Peter Lozowsky, Charles Peter Lucania, Edward Hobbs Luckett, Mark Gavin Ludvigsen, Lee Charles Ludwig, Sean Thomas Lugano, Daniel Lugo, Marie Lukas, William Lum, Jr., Michael P. Lunden, Christopher Lunder, Anthony Luparello, Gary Frederick Lutnick, William Lutz, Linda Anne Luzzicone, Alexander Lygin, Farrell Peter Lynch, James Francis Lynch, Louise A. Lynch, Michael Cameron Lynch, Michael F. Lynch, Michael Francis Lynch, Richard D. Lynch, Jr., Robert Henry Lynch, Jr., Sean P. Lynch, Sean Patrick Lynch, Michael J. Lyons, Monica Anne Lyons, Patrick Lyons, Robert Francis Mace, Jan Maciejewski, Catherine Fairfax Macrae, Richard Blaine Madden, Simon Maddison Noell Maerz, Jennieann Maffeo, Joseph Maffeo, Jay Robert Magazine, Brian Magee, Charles Wilson Magee, Joseph V. Maggitti, Ronald Magnuson, Daniel L. Maher, Thomas Anthony Mahon, William J. Mahoney, Joseph Daniel Maio, Takashi Makimoto, Abdu Ali Malahi, Debora I. Maldonado, Myrna T. 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Mathesen, Marcello Matricciano, Margaret Elaine Mattic, Robert D. Mattson, Walter Matuza, Charles A. Mauro, Jr., Charles J. Mauro , Dorothy Mauro, Nancy T. Mauro, Tyrone May, Keithroy Marcellus Maynard, Robert J. Mayo, Kathy Nancy Mazza, Edward Mazzella, Jr., Jennifer Lynn Mazzotta, Kaaria Mbaya, James Joseph McAlary, Brian McAleese, Patricia Ann McAneney, Colin Robert McArthur, John Kevin McAvoy, Kenneth M. McBrayer, Brendan McCabe, Micheal McCabe , Thomas McCann , Justin McCarthy, Kevin M. McCarthy, Michael McCarthy, Robert McCarthy , Stanley McCaskill, Katie Marie McCloskey, Joan McConnell-Cullinan, Charles Austin McCrann, Tonyell F. McDay , Matthew T. McDermott, Joseph P. McDonald, Brian Grady McDonnell, Michael P. McDonnell, John McDowell, Jr., Eamon J. McEneaney, John Thomas McErlean, Jr., Daniel Francis McGinley, Mark Ryan McGinly, William E. McGinn, Thomas Henry MCGinnis, Michael Gregory McGinty, Ann McGovern, Scott Martin McGovern, William McGovern, Stacey Sennas McGowan , Francis Noel McGuinn, Patrick McGuire, Thomas M. McHale, Keith McHeffey, Ann M. McHugh, Denis J. McHugh III, Dennis McHugh, Michael E. McHugh, Robert G. McIlvaine, Donald James McIntyre, Stephanie Marie McKenna, Barry J. McKeon, Evelyn C. McKinnedy, Darryl Leron McKinney, George Patrick McLaughlin, Jr., Robert C. McLaughlin, Jr., Gavin McMahon, Robert D. McMahon, Edmund McNally, Daniel W. McNeal, Walter Arthur McNeil, Jisley McNish, Christine Sheila McNulty, Sean Peter McNulty, Robert McPadden, Terence A. McShane, Timothy Patrick McSweeney, Martin E. McWilliams, Rocco A. Medaglia, Abigail Cales Medina, Ana Iris Medina, Deborah Louise Medwig, Damian Meehan, William J. 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Schurmeier, Clarin Shellie Schwartz, John Burkhart Schwartz, Mark Schwartz, Adriane Victoria Scibetta, Raphael Scorca, Randolph Scott, Sheila Scott , Christopher Jay Scudder, Arthur Warren Scullin, Michael Herman Seaman, Margaret M. Seeliger, Anthony Segarra, Carlos Segarra, Jason Sekzer, Matthew Carmen Sellitto, Howard Selwyn, Larry John Senko, Arturo Angelo Sereno, Frankie Serrano, Alena Sesinova, Adele Christine Sessa, Sita Nermalla Sewnarine, Karen Lynn Seymour, Davis Sezna, Thomas Joseph Sgroi, Jayesh S. Shah, Khalid M. Shahid , Mohammed Shajahan, Gary Shamay, Earl Richard Shanahan, Neil Shastri, Kathryn Anne Shatzoff, Barbara A. Shaw , Jeffrey James Shaw, Robert John Shay, Jr., Daniel James Shea, Joseph Patrick Shea, Linda Sheehan, Hagay Shefi, John Anthony Sherry, Atsushi Shiratori, Thomas Joseph Shubert, Mark Shulman, See Wong Shum , Allan Abraham Shwartzstein, Johanna Sigmund, Dianne T. Signer , Gregory Sikorsky , Stephen Gerard Siller, David Silver, Craig A. Silverstein, Nasima Hameed Simjee, Bruce Edward Simmons, Arthur Simon, Kenneth Alan Simon, Michael J. Simon , Paul Joseph Simon, Marianne Teresa Simone, Barry Simowitz, Jeff Lyal Simpson, Khamladai Singh , Kulwant Singh, Roshan Ramesh Singh, Thomas E. Sinton III, Peter A. Siracuse, Muriel Fay Siskopoulos, Joseph Michael Sisolak, John P. Skala, Francis Joseph Skidmore, Jr., Toyena Skinner, Paul A. Skrzypek , Christopher Paul Slattery, Vincent Robert Slavin, Robert F. Sliwak, Paul K. Sloan, Stanley S. Smagala, Jr., Wendy L. Small, Catherine Smith, Daniel Laurence Smith, George Eric Smith, James Gregory Smith, Jeffrey R. Smith, Joyce Patricia Smith, Karl T. Smith, Keisha Smith, Kevin Joseph Smith, Leon Smith, Jr., Moira Ann Smith, Rosemary A. Smith, Bonnie Jeanne Smithwick , Rochelle Monique Snell, Leonard J. Snyder, Jr., Astrid Elizabeth Sohan, Sushil S. Solanki , Ruben Solares, Naomi Leah Solomon, Daniel W. Song, Michael Charles Sorresse , Fabian Soto, Timothy Patrick Soulas, Gregory Spagnoletti, Donald F. Spampinato, Jr., Thomas Sparacio, John Anthony Spataro, Robert W. Spear, Jr., Maynard S. Spence, Jr., George Edward Spencer III, Robert Andrew Spencer, Mary Rubina Sperando, Tina Spicer, Frank Spinelli, William E. Spitz, Joseph Spor, Jr., Klaus Johannes Sprockamp, Saranya Srinuan, Fitzroy St. Rose, Michael F. Stabile, Lawrence T. Stack, Timothy M. Stackpole, Richard James Stadelberger, Eric Stahlman, Gregory Stajk, Alexandru Liviu Stan, Corina Stan, Mary Domenica Stanley, Anthony Starita, Jeffrey Stark, Derek James Statkevicus , Craig William Staub, William V. Steckman, Eric Thomas Steen, William R. Steiner, Alexander Steinman, Andrew Stergiopoulos, Andrew Stern, Martha Stevens, Michael James Stewart, Richard H. Stewart, Jr., Sanford M. Stoller, Lonny Jay Stone, Jimmy Nevill Storey, Timothy Stout, Thomas Strada, James J. Straine, Jr., Edward W. Straub, George J. Strauch, Jr., Edward T. Strauss, Steven R. Strauss, Steven F. Strobert, Walwyn W. Stuart, Jr., Benjamin Suarez , David Scott Suarez, Ramon Suarez, Yoichi Sugiyama, William Christopher Sugra, Daniel Suhr, David Marc Sullins, Christopher P. Sullivan, Patrick Sullivan, Thomas Sullivan, Hilario Soriano Sumaya, Jr., James Joseph Suozzo, Colleen Supinski , Robert Sutcliffe, Seline Sutter, Claudia Suzette Sutton, John Francis Swaine, Kristine M. Swearson, Brian Edward Sweeney, Kenneth J. Swenson, Thomas Swift, Derek Ogilvie Sword, Kevin Thomas Szocik, Gina Sztejnberg, Norbert P. Szurkowski, Harry Taback, Joann Tabeek, Norma C. Taddei , Michael Taddonio, Keiichiro Takahashi, Keiji Takahashi, Phyllis Gail Talbot, Robert Talhami, Sean Patrick Tallon, Paul Talty, Maurita Tam, Rachel Tamares, Hector Tamayo, Michael Andrew Tamuccio, Kenichiro Tanaka, Rhondelle Cheri Tankard, Michael Anthony Tanner, Dennis Gerard Taormina, Jr., Kenneth Joseph Tarantino , Allan Tarasiewicz, Ronald Tartaro, Darryl Anthony Taylor, Donnie Brooks Taylor, Lorisa Ceylon Taylor, Michael Morgan Taylor, Paul A. Tegtmeier, Yeshauant Tembe, Anthony Tempesta, Dorothy Pearl Temple, Stanley Temple, David Tengelin, Brian John Terrenzi, Lisa M. Terry, Shell Tester , Goumatie T. Thackurdeen , Sumati Thakur, Harshad Sham Thatte, Thomas F. Theurkauf, Jr., Lesley Anne Thomas, Brian Thomas Thompson, Clive Thompson, Glenn Thompson , Nigel Bruce Thompson, Perry A. Thompson, Vanavah Alexei Thompson, William H. Thompson, Eric Raymond Thorpe, Nichola Angela Thorpe, Sal Edward Tieri, Jr., John p Tierney, Mary Ellen Tiesi, William R. Tieste , Kenneth Francis Tietjen, Stephen Edward Tighe, Scott Charles Timmes, Michael E. Tinley , Jennifer M. Tino, Robert Frank Tipaldi, John James Tipping II, David Tirado, Hector Luis Tirado, Jr., Michelle Lee Titolo, John J. Tobin, Richard Todisco, Vladimir Tomasevic, Stephen Kevin Tompsett, Thomas Tong, Doris Torres, Luis Eduardo Torres, Amy Elizabeth Toyen, Christopher Michael Traina, Daniel Patrick Trant, Abdoul Karim Traore, Glenn J. Travers, Walter Philip Travers, Felicia Y. Traylor-Bass, Lisa L. Trerotola, Karamo Trerra, Michael Angel Trinidad, Francis Joseph Trombino, Gregory James Trost, William P. Tselepis, Zhanetta Valentinovna Tsoy, Michael Tucker, Lance Richard Tumulty, Ching Ping Tung, Simon James Turner, Donald Joseph Tuzio, Robert T. Twomey, Jennifer Tzemis, John G. Ueltzhoeffer, Tyler V. Ugolyn, Michael A. Uliano, Jonathan J. Uman, Anil Shivhari Umarkar, Allen V. Upton, Diane Marie Urban, John Damien Vaccacio, Bradley Hodges Vadas, Renuta Vaidea , William Valcarcel , Felix Antonio Vale, Ivan Vale, Benito Valentin, Santos Valentin, Jr., Carlton Francis Valvo II, Erica H. Van Acker, Kenneth W. Van Auken, Richard B. Van Hine, Daniel M. Van Laere, Edward Raymond Vanacore, Jon C. Vandevander, Barrett Vanvelzer, 4 , Edward Vanvelzer , Paul Herman Vanvelzer, Frederick Thomas Varacchi, Gopalakrishnan Varadhan , David Vargas, Scott C. Vasel, Azael Ismael Vasquez, Arcangel Vazquez, Santos Vazquez, Peter Anthony Vega, Sankara S. Velamuri, Jorge Velazquez, Lawrence G. Veling, Anthony Mark Ventura, David Vera, Loretta Ann Vero , Christopher James Vialonga, Matthew Gilbert Vianna, Robert Anthony Vicario, Celeste Torres Victoria, Joanna Vidal, John T. Vigiano II , Joseph Vincent Vigiano, Frank J. Vignola, Jr., Joseph Barry Vilardo, Sergio Villanueva, Chantal Vincelli, Melissa Vincent, Francine Ann Virgilio, Lawrence Virgilio, Joseph Gerard Visciano, Joshua S. Vitale, Maria Percoco Vola, Lynette D. Vosges, Garo H. Voskerijian, Alfred Vukosa, Gregory Kamal Bruno Wachtler, Gabriela Waisman, Courtney Wainsworth Walcott, Victor Wald, Benjamin James Walker, Glen Wall, Mitchel Scott Wallace, Peter Guyder Wallace, Robert Francis Wallace, Roy Michael Wallace, Jeanmarie Wallendorf, Matthew Blake Wallens, John Wallice, Jr., Barbara P. Walsh, James Henry Walsh, Jeffrey P. Walz, Ching Wang, Weibin Wang, Michael Warchola, Stephen Gordon Ward, James Arthur Waring, Brian G. Warner, Derrick Washington, Charles Waters, James Thomas Waters, Jr., Patrick J. Waters , Kenneth Thomas Watson, Michael Henry Waye, Todd Christopher Weaver , Walter Edward Weaver, Nathaniel Webb, Dinah Webster, Joanne Flora Weil, Michael T. Weinberg, Steven Weinberg , Scott Jeffrey Weingard, Steven George Weinstein , Simon Weiser, David M. Weiss, David Thomas Weiss, Vincent Michael Wells, Timothy Matthew Welty, Christian Hans Rudolf Wemmers, Ssu-Hui Wen, Oleh D. Wengerchuk, Peter M. West, Whitfield West, Jr., Meredith Lynn Whalen, Eugene Whelan, Adam S. White, Edward James White III, James Patrick White, John Sylvester White, Kenneth Wilburn White, Jr., Leonard Anthony White, Malissa Y. White, Wayne White, Leanne Marie Whiteside, Mark P. Whitford, Michael T. Wholey, Mary Catherine Wieman, Jeffrey David Wiener, Wilham J. Wik, Alison Marie Wildman, Glenn E. Wilkenson, John C. Willett, Brian Patrick Williams, Crossley Richard Williams, Jr., David J. Williams , Deborah Lynn Williams, Kevin Michael Williams, Louie Anthony Williams, Louis Calvin Williams III, John P. Williamson, Donna Ann Wilson, William Wilson, David Harold Winton, Glenn J. Winuk, Thomas Francis Wise, Alan L. Wisniewski, Frank Thomas Wisniewski, David Wiswall, Sigrid Wiswe, Michael Wittenstein, Christopher W. Wodenshek, Martin P. Wohlforth, Katherine Susan Wolf, Jennifer Yen Wong, Siu Cheung Wong, Yin Ping Wong, Yuk Ping Wong, Brent James Woodall, James John Woods, Patrick J. Woods , Richard Herron Woodwell, David Terence Wooley, John Bentley Works, Martin Michael Wortley, Rodney James Wotton, William Wren, John Wayne Wright, Neil Robin Wright, Sandra Lee Wright, Jupiter Yambem, Suresh Yanamadala, Matthew David Yarnell, Myrna Yaskulka, Shakila Yasmin, Olabisi Shadie Layeni Yee, William Yemele, Edward P. York, Kevin Patrick York, Raymond R. York , Suzanne Youmans, Barrington Young , Jacqueline Young, Elkin Yuen, Joseph C. Zaccoli, Adel Agayby Zakhary, Arkady Zaltsman, Edwin J. Zambrana, Jr., Robert Alan Zampieri, Mark Zangrilli, Ira Zaslow, Kenneth Albert Zelman, Abraham J. Zelmanowitz, Martin Morales Zempoaltecatl, Zhe Zeng, Marc Scott Zeplin, Jie Yao Justin Zhao, Ivelin Ziminski, Michael Joseph Zinzi, Charles A. Zion, Julie Lynne Zipper, Salvatore Zisa, Prokopios Paul Zois, Joseph J. Zuccala, Andrew S. Zucker, Igor Zukelman, Anna Allison, David Lawrence Angell, Lynn Edwards Angell , Seima Aoyama , Barbara Jean Arestegui , Myra Joy Aronson, Christine Barbuto, Carolyn Beug, Kelly Ann Booms , Carol Marie Bouchard, Robin Lynne Kaplan, Neilie Anne Heffernan Casey, Jeffrey Dwayne Collman , Jeffrey W. Coombs, Tara Kathleen Creamer , Thelma Cuccinello, Patrick Currivan , Brian Paul Dale , David Dimeglio , Donald Americo Ditullio , Alberto Dominguez, Paige Marie Farley-Hackel, Alexander Milan Filipov, Carol Ann Flyzik , Paul J. Friedman , Karleton D.B. Fyfe, Peter Alan Gay , Linda M. George , Edmund Glazer , Lisa Reinhart Gordenstein , Andrew Peter Charles Curry Green , Peter Paul Hashem , Robert Jay Hayes, Edward R. Hennessy, Jr. , John A. Hofer, Cora Hidalgo Holland, John Nicholas Humber, Jr. , Waleed Joseph Iskandar , John Charles Jenkins, Charles Edward Jones, Barbara A. Keating , David P. Kovalcin, Judith Camilla Larocque , Natalie Janis Lasden, Daniel John Lee , Daniel M. Lewin , Sara Elizabeth Low, Susan A. Mackay, Karen Ann Martin , Thomas F. McGuinness, Jr., Christopher D. Mello , Jeffrey Peter Mladenik, Carlos Alberto Montoya , Antonio Jesus Montoya Valdes, Laura Lee Morabito , Mildred Naiman , Laurie Ann Neira , Renee Lucille Newell , Kathleen Ann Nicosia, Jacqueline June Norton , Robert Grant Norton, John Ogonowski , Betty Ann Ong, Jane M. Orth, Thomas Nicholas Pecorelli, Berinthia B. Perkins, Sonia M. Puopolo, David E. Retik, Jean Destrehan Roger, Philip Martin Rosenzweig , Richard Barry Ross , Jessica Leigh Sachs , Rahma Salie, Heather Lee Smith, Dianne Bullis Snyder , Douglas Joel Stone , Xavier Suarez, Madeline Amy Sweeney , Michael Theodoridis, James Anthony Trentini, Mary Barbara Trentini, Pendyala Vamsikrishna , Mary Alice Wahlstrom, Kenneth Waldie , John Joseph Wenckus, Candace Lee Williams, Christopher Rudolph Zarba, Jr., Alona Abraham , Garnet Edward Bailey, Mark Lawrence Bavis, Graham Andrew Berkeley , Touri Bolourchi , Klaus Bothe , Daniel Raymond Brandhorst , David Reed Gamboa Brandhorst, John Brett Cahill , Christoffer Mikael Carstanjen, John J. Corcoran III, Dorothy Alma de Araujo , Ana Gloria Pocasangre Debarrera , Robert John Fangman, Lisa Anne Frost , Ronald Gamboa , Lynn Catherine Goodchild , Peter M. Goodrich, Douglas Alan Gowell , Francis Edward Grogan , Carl Max Hammond, Jr. , Christine Lee Hanson, Peter Burton Hanson , Susan Kim Hanson , Gerald Francis Hardacre , Eric Hartono, James Edward Hayden , Herbert Wilson Homer, Michael Robert Horrocks , Robert Adrien Jalbert, Amy N. Jarret, Ralph Kershaw , Heinrich Kimmig , Amy R. King, Brian Kinney, Kathryn L. LaBorie, Robert G. Leblanc, Maclovio Lopez, Jr. , Marianne Macfarlane, Alfred Gilles Marchand, Louis Mariani, Juliana McCourt, Ruth Magdaline McCourt , Wolfgang Peter Menzel, Shawn M. Nassaney, Marie Pappalardo, Patrick J. Quigley IV, Frederick Charles Rimmele III , James Roux, Jesus Sanchez , Victor J. Saracini , Mary Kathleen Shearer, Robert M. Shearer, Jane Louise Simpkin, Brian David Sweeney, Michael C. Tarrou, Alicia N. Titus, Timothy Ray Ward, William Michael Weems, SPC Craig S. Amundson, USA, YN3 Melissa Rose Barnes, USN, MSG Max J. Beilke, Retired, IT2 Kris Romeo Bishundat, USN, Carrie R. Blagburn, COL Canfield D. Boone, ARNG, Donna M. Bowen, Allen P. Boyle, ET3 Christopher L. Burford, USN, ET3 Daniel M. Caballero, USN, SFC Jose O. Calderon-Olmedo, USA, Angelene C. Carter, Sharon A. Carver, SFC John J. Chada, USA, Retired, Rosa Maria Chapa, Julian T. Cooper, LCDR Eric A. Cranford, USN, Ada M. Davis, CAPT Gerald F. DeConto, USN, LTC Jerry D. Dickerson, USA, IT1 Johnnie Doctor, Jr., USN, CAPT Robert E. Dolan, Jr., USN, CDR William H. Donovan, USN, CDR Patrick Dunn, USN, AG1 Edward T. Earhart, USN, LCDR Robert R. Elseth, USNR, SK3 Jamie L. Fallon, USN, Amelia V. Fields, Gerald P. Fisher, AG2 Matthew M. Flocco, USN, Sandra N. Foster, CAPT Lawrence D. Getzfred, USN, Cortez Ghee, Brenda C. Gibson, COL Ronald F. Golinski, USA, Retired, Diane Hale-McKinzy, Carolyn B. Halmon, Sheila M.S. Hein, ET1 Ronald J. Hemenway, USN, MAJ Wallace Cole Hogan, Jr., USA, SSG Jimmie I. Holley, USA, Retired, Angela M. Houtz, Brady Kay Howell, Peggie M. Hurt, LTC Stephen N. Hyland, Jr., USA, Lt Col Robert J. Hymel, USAF, Retired, SGM Lacey B. Ivory, USA, LTC Dennis M. Johnson, USA, Judith L. Jones, Brenda Kegler, LT Michael S. Lamana, USN, David W. Laychak, Samantha L. Lightbourn-Allen, MAJ Stephen V. Long, USA, James T. Lynch, Jr., Terence M. Lynch, OS2 Nehamon Lyons IV, USN, Shelley A. Marshall, Teresa M. Martin, Ada L. Mason-Acker, LTC Dean E. Mattson, USA, LTG Timothy J. Maude, USA, Robert J. Maxwell, Molly L. McKenzie, Patricia E. Mickley, MAJ Ronald D. Milam, USA, Gerard P. Moran, Jr., Odessa V. Morris, ET1 Brian A. Moss, USN, Teddington H. Moy, LCDR Patrick J. Murphy, USNR, Khang Ngoc Nguyen, DM2 Michael A. Noeth, USN, Ruben S. Ornedo, Diana B. Padro, LT Jonas M. Panik, USNR, MAJ Clifford L. Patterson, Jr., USA, LT Darin H. Pontell, USNR, Scott Powell, CAPT Jack D. Punches, USN, Retired, AW1 Joseph J. Pycior, Jr., USN, Deborah A. Ramsaur, Rhonda Sue Rasmussen , IT1 Marsha D. Ratchford, USN, Martha M. Reszke, Cecelia E. (Lawson) Richard, Edward V. Rowenhorst, Judy Rowlett, SGM Robert E. Russell, USA, Retired, CW4 William R. Ruth, ARNG, Charles E. Sabin, Sr., Marjorie C. Salamone, COL David M. Scales, USA, CDR Robert A. Schlegel, USN, Janice M. Scott, LTC Michael L. Selves, USA, Retired, Marian H. Serva, CDR Dan F. Shanower, USN, Antionette M. Sherman, Diane M. Simmons, Cheryle D. Sincock, ITC Gregg H. Smallwood, USN, LTC Gary F. Smith, USA, Retired, Patricia J. Statz, Edna L. Stephens, SGM Larry L. Strickland, USA, LTC Kip P. Taylor, USA, Sandra C. Taylor, LTC Karl W. Teepe, USA, Retired, SGT Tamara C. Thurman, USA, LCDR Otis V. Tolbert, USN, SSG Willie Q. Troy, USA, Retired, LCDR Ronald J. Vauk, USNR, LTC Karen J. Wagner, USA, Meta L. (Fuller) Waller, SPC Chin Sun Pak Wells, USA, SSG Maudlyn A. White, USA, Sandra L. White, Ernest M. Willcher, LCDR David L. Williams, USN, MAJ Dwayne Williams, USA, RMC Marvin Roger Woods, USN, Retired, IT2 Kevin W. Yokum, USN, ITC Donald M. Young, USN, Edmond G. Young, Jr., Lisa L. Young, Paul W. Ambrose, Yeneneh Betru, Mary Jane Booth, Bernard C. Brown, II, CAPT Charles F. Burlingame III, USNR, Retired, Suzanne M. Calley, William E. Caswell, David M. Charlebois, Sarah M. Clark, Asia S. Cottom, James D. Debeuneure, Rodney Dickens, Eddie A. Dillard, LCDR Charles A. Droz III, USN, Retired, Barbara G. Edwards, Charles S. Falkenberg, Dana Falkenberg, Zoe Falkenberg, J. Joseph Ferguson, Darlene E. Flagg, RADM Wilson F. Flagg, USNR, Retired, 1stLt Richard P. Gabriel, USMC, Retired, Ian J. Gray, Stanley R. Hall, Michele M. Heidenberger, Bryan C. Jack, Steven D. Jacoby, Ann C. Judge, Chandler R. Keller, Yvonne E. Kennedy, Norma Cruz Khan, Karen Ann Kincaid, Dong Chul Lee, Jennifer Lewis, Kenneth E. Lewis, Renee A. May, Dora Marie Menchaca, Christopher C. Newton, Barbara K. Olson, Ruben S. Ornedo, Robert Penninger, Robert R. Ploger III, Zandra F. Ploger , Lisa J. Raines, Todd H. Reuben, John P. Sammartino, George W. Simmons, Donald D. Simmons, Mari-Rae Sopper, Robert Speisman, Norma Lang Steuerle, Hilda E. Taylor, Leonard E. Taylor, Sandra D. Teague, Leslie A. Whittington, CAPT John D. Yamnicky, Sr., USN, Retired, Vicki Yancey, Shuyin Yang, Yuguag Zheng, Christian Adams, Lorraine G. Bay, Todd Beamer, Alan Beaven, Mark K. Bingham, Deora Frances Bodley, Sandra W. Bradshaw, Marion Britton, Thomas E. Burnett Jr., William Cashman, Georgine Rose Corrigan, Patricia Cushing, Jason Dahl, Joseph Deluca, Patrick Driscoll, Edward Porter Felt, Jane C. Folger, Colleen Fraser, Andrew Garcia, Jeremy Glick, Lauren Grandcolas, Wanda A. Green, Donald F. Greene, Linda Gronlund, Richard Guadagno, Leroy Homer, Jr., Toshiya Kuge, CeeCee Lyles, Hilda Marcin, Waleska Martinez , Nicole Miller, Louis J. Nacke, II, Donald Arthur Peterson, Jean Hoadley Peterson, Mark Rothenberg, Christine Snyder, John Talignani, Honor Elizabeth Wainio, Deborah Ann Jacobs Welsh, Kristin Gould White